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Abstract
This article presents a miniaturized modified Minkowski fractal antenna with enhanced linearly polarized impedance bandwidth (IBW) in the lower frequency region. Applying theory of characteristic modes (TCM) analysis on a second iterated modified Minkowski radiator without feeding structure, modal currents and their corresponding modal fields (radiation patterns) were determined to recognize symmetric dominant modes to be specifically excited to generate the required radiation pattern. It gave direction for choosing quarter-wave microwave line feeding as the feed of choice to excite the four desired modes at 2.7, 5.7, 5.9, and 8.7 GHz and providing excellent impedance matching to generate the very wide IBW. Measured results matched well with simulations done using Ansys HFSS 2020R1. Measured IBW is 9.7 GHz (160%), from 1.2 to 10.9 GHz, with center resonance frequency (frc) at 6.05 GHz, whereas simulated IBW is 9.4 GHz (162%), from 1.1 to 10.5 GHz with frc at 5.8 GHz. The antenna size is 36 × 34 × 1.6 mm3 (0.216λgL × 0.204λgL where at lower resonating frequency frL = 1.1 GHz, λgL is the guided wavelength) with 82.24% reduction in size. This antenna may be utilized for “L”, “S” band and UWB wireless communication.
DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
R. Dhara
Reshmi Dara received her MTech degree in electronics and communication engineering in 2012 from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. She received her PhD from National Institute of Technology Sikkim, India in 2021. Her research interest is design of various kinds of microstrip antennas. Presently, she is an assistant professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, India. She has contributed more than 30 research articles in various international journals and conferences of repute. She is a project coordinator for development of high resolution weather prediction system for Indian Himalaya (WPS-4D) using X-band Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) in collaboration with DRDO, Govt of India.
M. C. Govil
Mahesh Chandra Govil received his PhD degree from IIT Roorkee, India. He is a professor in the Department of Computer Science Engineering at MNIT Jaipur, India. Presently, he is on deputation at NIT Sikkim, India as Director. He is having more than 30 years of experience in education and research. He is life member of IETE, ISTE, member of IEEE, and various other professional societies. He has published more than 100 papers in different international journals and conferences of repute. His research interest includes communication, real-time system, software engineering, etc. Email: [email protected]
T. Kundu
Taraknath Kundu was born in 1977 in Calcutta, India. He received his MSc degree in chemistry from University of Calcutta in 2001 and awarded PhD from Jadavpur University (Bose Institute), Kolkata in 2008. Subsequently, he had four years postdoctoral experience at Bose Institute, Kolkata and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Since 2012, he is an Assistant Professor, and presently, head of the Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, India. His research interests include synthetic organic chemistry and interdisciplinary areas of material sciences and their biomedical applications. He has contributed many research articles in various international journals of repute and also received extramural research grants from Department of Science & Technology, Govt of India. Email: [email protected]