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Abstract
In this paper, the design of an ultrathin highly transmissive angular graded-index metasurface (AGIMS) lens is proposed, and a beam steerable high-gain low-profile lens antenna is designed using AGIMS lens and microstrip patch antenna (MPA) radiator operating at 10.10 GHz. An ultrathin graded-index metasurface lens is designed using fundamental unit cells and their modulated forms. The direction and gain control of the microwave radiator’s beam, using a designed modulated metasurface lens with doubled-sided double circular ring resonator as a fundamental unit cell, is presented. The uniform radial and linear movement of AGIMS in the step of 12 mm steer the radiated main beam of MPA continuously in a conical plane from −40° to +40° with a maximum measured broadside gain of 13.15 dBi and minimum broadside gain of 11.80 dBi at 10.10 GHz frequency, indicating maximum and minimum gain enhancement of 8.40 and 7.0 dB in −40° and 0° direction, respectively. The angular movement of AGIMS over the MPA radiator at the centre point results in beam steering from −25° to +25° continuously with a maximum gain variation of 2 dB and a maximum measured gain from 10.00 dBi to 12.00 dBi, indicating gain enhancement of 5.25 dB to 7.25 dB. Using AGIMS, the stable broadside radiation characteristic with beam steering and continuous gain enhancement is achieved. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Amit K. Singh
Amit K Singh was born in Patna, India, in 1990. He received the BE degree in electronics and communication engineering from Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal, India, in 2011, the MTech degree in microwave and optical communication engineering from Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India, in 2013, and the PhD degree in applied research in electronics from IIT Delhi, New Delhi, in 2018. Presently he is serving as assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, India. He was a post-doctoral researcher with the Microwave and Antenna Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea from November 2018 to February 2020. He has authored or coauthored more than 10 international journal papers and 25 conference papers. His current research interests include millimeter wave high-gain antenna design using microwave metamaterial, metasurface lens design, microwave absorber design, miniaturization of patch antenna, and easy deployable reflectarray antenna design for microsatellite application. Singh serves as a regular Reviewer of journals such as the IIEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, the IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, the IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, the IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, the IET Electronics Letters, and the International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering (Wiley). He volunteered as the Vice-Chair and the Event Secretary of the IEEE MTT Student Branch Chapter, IIT Delhi, from 2015 to 2017.
Mahesh P. Abegaonkar
Mahesh P Abegaonkar received the PhD degree from the University of Pune, Pune, India, in 2002. From 2002 to 2005, he was a post-doctoral researcher and a contract assistant professor with Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea. In 2005, he joined IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India, as an assistant professor, where he is currently an associate professor. Abegaonkar received the Young Engineer Award from the Indian National Academy of Engineering in 2008, several awards for best paper presentation, and the Senior Research Fellowship from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India, from 1998 to 2001. He was a National Coordinator of the Virtual Laboratories under Electronics and Communication Engineering vertical, and an initiative of the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, under the National Mission on Education through ICT. He was the Vice-Chair of the IEEE MTT-S Chapter under Delhi Section from 2017 to 2018. He was a Treasurer and the Secretary of the same chapter from 2008 to 2017. He is a Reviewer for several journals including the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, the IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, and the IET Electronics Letters. He has been a Young Associate of INAE since 2013.E-mail: [email protected]
Shiban K. Koul
Shiban K. Koul received the BE degree in electrical engineering from the Regional Engineering College, Srinagar, India, in 1977, and the MTech and PhD degrees in microwave engineering from IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India, in 1979 and 1983, respectively. He served as the chairman for M/S Astra Microwave Pvt., Ltd., Hyderabad, India, a major private company involved in the development of RF and microwave systems in India, from 2009 to 2019. He served as the deputy director (Strategy & Planning) of IIT Delhi from 2012 to 2016. He also held the position of the deputy director (Strategy & Planning and International Affairs) of IIT Jammu, Jammu, India. He is currently the Dr R P Shenoy Astra Microwave chair professor with the Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, IIT Delhi, where he is involved in teaching and research activities. He has successfully completed 38 major sponsored projects, 52 consultancy projects, and 57 technology development projects. He has authored or coauthored 418 research papers, 9 state-of-the-art books, and 3 book chapters. He holds ten patents and six copyrights. His current research interests include RF MEMS, high frequency wireless communication, microwave engineering, microwave passive and active circuits, device modeling, millimeter-wave IC design, and reconfigurable microwave circuits including antennas. Koul is a fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) and the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE). He is the Chief Editor of the IETE Journal of Research and an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies (Cambridge University Press). He has delivered more than 263 invited technical talks at various international symposia and workshops. He served as a member of MTT-S ADCOM from 2010 to 2018. He is a member of the IEEE MTT Society’s Technical Committee on RF MEMS (MTT-21) and the India Initiative Team of IEEE MTT-S, Membership Services Regional Co-Coordinator Region-10, and the Vice-Chair of the Sight Adhoc Committee MTT-S and the SIMGA-WE Initiative of Education Committee of MTT-S. He served as a Distinguished Microwave Lecturer of IEEE MTT-S from 2012 to 2014 and a Distinguished Microwave Lecturer-Emeritus of IEEE MTT-S in 2015. He was a recipient of the Gold Medal by the Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Calcutta in 1977, the S K Mitra Research Award from IETE for the Best Research Paper in 1986, the Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Young Scientist Award in 1986, the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) Young Scientist Award in 1987, the top Invention Award of the National Research Development Council for his contributions to the indigenous development of ferrite phase shifter technology in 1991, the Vasvik Award for the development of Ka-band components and phase shifters in 1994, the Ram Lal Wadhwa Gold Medal from IETE in 1995, the Academic Excellence Award from Indian Government for his pioneering contributions to phase control modules for Rajendra Radar in 1998, the Shri Om Prakash Bhasin Award in the field of electronics and information technology in 2009, the Teaching Excellence Award from IIT Delhi in 2012, the Award for contributions made to the growth of smart material technology by the ISSS, Bangalore, in 2012, the Vasvik Award for the contributions made to the area of Information, Communication Technology (ICT) in 2012, the M N Saha Memorial Award from IETE for the Best Application Oriented Research Paper in 2013, and the IEEE MTT Society Distinguished Educator Award in 2014.E-mail: [email protected]