A Novel Steganographic Approach for Secured Communication via Boustrophedon Transformation to Develop IoT-based Smart City

Abstract

Steganography is a vast arena to provide security in digital media at the time of network-level transmission. This research is based on a pioneer steganographic approach introducing Image Authentication using Boustrophedon Transformation (IABT) to ensure secured communication. The research experiment is performed using ten benchmark images of 512 × 512 dimensions and the performance result of each of the images has been analyzed thoroughly. In order to implement this transformation technique to the cover images, each of the cover media is decomposed into 1 × 3 blocks. These decomposed spatial components are transformed into frequency components by implementing the Boustrophedon transformation. Confidential data in a bit stream format is embedded into each of the transformed coefficients. Furthermore, the Inverse Boustrophedon transformation is used for converting the transformed embedded coefficients back to the pixel components. This process is kept on repeating until the entire bit stream of the hidden information is inserted into the carrier media to produce a steganography image. Moreover, the performance factor of the proposed method is examined in terms of PSNR, MSE, IF, and Payload, which shows overall better performances of the IABT.

Keywords:

• Boustrophedon transform
• Entringer numbers
• IF
• Inverse Boustrophedon transform
• IoT
• MSE
• Payload
• PSNR
• Smart city

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors thank the members of faculty and staff of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Kalyani, Kalyani, as well as DST PURSE II Govt of India at the University of Kalyani, Kalyani for their immense support and assistance in carrying out this research work.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Jyotsna Kumar Mandal

Jyotsna Kumar Mandal, MTech in CS, CU, PhD (Engineering), KU, professor of CSE, former dean, FETM, KU chairman, CIRM, Fellow of IETE, 28 PhD Degrees awarded, published 450 research articles, 190 articles in International Journals, 12 books. Organized 50 International Conferences and Corresponding Editors of edited volumes of Springer, IEEE, Elsevier, etc. Received “Siksha Ratna” award from Higher Education, Government of West Bengal, Vidyasagar award from International Society for Science Technology and Management, Chapter Patron Award, CSI Kolkata Chapter, “Bharat Jyoti Award” from IIFS, A M Bose and Kali Prasanna Dasgupta Memorial Award from JU.

Srishti Dey

Srishti Dey, MTech in CSE from the University of Kalyani. Currently, working in an academic research company in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Email: [email protected]

Ajay Kumar

Ajay Kumar, Ex-faculty, head of Broadband and Access Technology at Advance Regional Telecom Training Centre (ARTTC) Jharkhand Telecom Circle Ranchi. Ajay has been trainer at Military College of Engineering (MCEME), Secunderabad, from 1986 to 1992. He has received his engineering degree in Electronics & Communication (AMIETE) and M Tech in computer science from IETE New Delhi. Subsequently, he obtained post-graduate degree in computer applications (PGDCA). Recently, Ajay Kumar has completed PhD in computer science degree from Usha Martin University, Ranchi, Jharkhand. His fields of interest include – advance Ipv6, data communication, broadband and access technology, VLSI design. Email: [email protected]