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Research Articles

Optimal and Fully Connected Deep Neural Networks Based Classification Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images

Modèle de classification optimal et entièrement connecté basé sur les réseaux de neurones profonds pour des images hyperspectrales prises par des drones

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 681-693 | Received 01 Mar 2022, Accepted 15 Aug 2022, Published online: 21 Sep 2022
 

Abstract

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is treated as an effective technique for gathering high resolution aerial images. The UAV based aerial image collection is highly preferred due to its inexpensive and effective nature. However, automatic classification of aerial images poses a major challenging issue in the design of UAV, which could be handled by the deep learning (DL) models. This study designs a novel UAV assisted DL based image classification model (UAVDL-ICM) for Industry 4.0 environment. The proposed UAVDL-ICM technique involves an ensemble of voting based three DL models, namely Residual network (ResNet), Inception with ResNetv2, and Densely Connected Networks (DenseNet). Also, the hyperparameter tuning of these DL models takes place using a genetic programming (GP) approach. Finally, Oppositional Water Wave Optimization (OWWO) with Fully Connected Deep Neural networks (FCDNN) is employed for the classification of aerial images. A wide range of simulations takes place and the results are examined in terms of different parameters. A detailed comparative study highlighted the betterment of the UAVDL-ICM technique compared to other recent approaches.

Résumé

Le drone (UAV) est considéré comme une technique efficace pour recueillir des images aériennes de haute résolution. La collection d’images aériennes basée sur des drones est préférée en raison de sa nature peu coûteuse et efficace. Toutefois, la classification automatique d’images aériennes pose un problème majeur dans le design des drones, qui peut être géré par des modèles d’apprentissage profond (DL). Cette étude conçoit un nouveau modèle de classification d’images UAV (UAVDL-ICM) basé sur des modèles DL pour l’environnement industriel 4.0. La technique UAVDL-ICM proposée implique un ensemble de trois modèles DL basés sur le vote, à savoir le réseau résiduel (ResNet), l’Inception avec ResNetv2 et les réseaux densément connectés (DenseNet). En outre, le réglage de l’hyperparamètre de ces modèles DL s’effectue à l’aide de l’approche de programmation génétique (GP). Enfin, l’optimisation oppositionnelle des ondes d’eau (OWWO) avec des réseaux de neurones profonds entièrement connectés (FCDNN) est utilisée pour la classification des images aériennes. Un large éventail de simulations a eu lieu et les résultats sont examinés au moyen de différents paramètres. Une étude comparative détaillée a mis en évidence l’amélioration de la technique UAVDL-ICM par rapport à d’autres approches récentes.

Acknowledgment

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Groups Project under grant number (180/43). Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2022R235), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: (22UQU4340237DSR34).

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript.

Data availability statement

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated during the current study.

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