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Soilborne diseases / Maladies telluriques

Development of optimized Verticillium longisporum inoculation techniques for canola (Brassica napus)

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Pages 92-102 | Accepted 24 Aug 2022, Published online: 28 Nov 2022
 

Abstract

Verticillium stripe, caused by Verticillium longisporum, is an emerging soilborne disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Canada. Improved inoculation protocols will facilitate study of Verticillium stripe and its management. Two inoculation techniques, a root-dip method at two inoculum concentrations and a grain inoculation method at four inoculum concentrations, were compared under greenhouse conditions with the canola cultivars ‘45H31’, ‘CS2000’ and ‘Westar’. Symptoms of Verticillium stripe appeared at early growth stages following root dip inoculation, resulting in seedling mortalities of up to 19.7%, 39.5% and 33.3% for ‘CS2000’, ‘45H31’ and ‘Westar’, respectively, at 35 days post-inoculation. Plants inoculated by the root-dip method incurred much greater mortality at the high versus low inoculum concentration. In the surviving adult plants, ‘45H31’ was moderately resistant while ‘CS2000’ was more susceptible to V. longisporum. The grain inoculation method did not cause early-stage mortality, although Verticillium stripe severity at the adult stage was significantly different between control and high inoculum concentrations for all cultivars. In addition, plant dry weight and height decreased as inoculum concentration increased. Inoculation of 1-week-old, 2-week-old and 3-week-old seedlings of ‘CS2000’ and ‘Westar’ was also compared by the root-dip method. The impact of host age at inoculation on disease development was not significant, although higher disease severity was observed at later inoculation in ‘CS2000’. The application of grain inoculum may be more suitable for large-scale screening or studies conducted under field conditions.

Résumé

La rayure verticillienne, causée par Verticillium longisporum, est, au Canada, une maladie terricole émergente du canola (Brassica napus). Des protocoles améliorés d’inoculation en faciliteront l’étude et la gestion. Deux techniques d’inoculation, une par trempage des racines à deux concentrations différentes d’inoculum et une par inoculation des grains à quatre concentrations différentes, ont été comparées en serre avec les cultivars de canola ‘45H31’, ‘CS2000’ et ‘Westar’. Des symptômes de la rayure verticillienne sont apparus aux stades initiaux de la croissance à la suite de l’inoculation par trempage des racines, entraînant des taux de mortalité des plantules de 19.7%, 39.5% et 33.3% chez ‘CS2000’, ‘45H31’ et ‘Westar’, respectivement, et ce, 35 jours après inoculation. Les plants inoculés par trempage des racines ont subi de plus lourdes pertes à concentration élevée d’inoculum qu’à faible concentration. Chez les plants adultes qui ont survécu, le cultivar ‘45H31’ était partiellement résistant, tandis que ‘CS2000’ était plus réceptif à l’égard de V. longisporum. La méthode par inoculation des grains n’a pas causé la mort aux stades initiaux, bien que la gravité de la rayure verticillienne au stade adulte variait significativement entre les plants témoins et tous les cultivars qui avaient reçu des concentrations élevées d’inoculum. De plus, la masse sèche et la hauteur des plants décroissaient à mesure que la concentration d’inoculum augmentait. L’inoculation des plantules d’une, deux et trois semaines de ‘CS2000’ et de ‘Westar’ a également été comparée avec la méthode par trempage des racines. L’influence de l’âge de l’hôte au moment de l’inoculation sur le développement de la maladie n’était pas très importante, bien qu’un taux plus élevé de gravité de la maladie ait été observé dans le cas de l’inoculation subséquente chez ‘CS2000’. L’application de la technique par inoculation des grains peut être plus appropriée au criblage à grande échelle ou aux études menées au champ.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank several undergraduate summer students from the University of Alberta who assisted with setting up the experiments and data collection.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This study was funded by support from the Canola Agronomic Research Program (Alberta Canola, SaskCanola, Manitoba Canola Growers, and the Canola Council of Canada). In-kind support from the University of Alberta is also gratefully acknowledged.

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