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Disease Reports and Disease Diagnostics / Rapports des Maladies

Onion leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata sensu lato and Stemphylium vesicarium in Michoacán, México

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Pages 79-88 | Accepted 26 Oct 2023, Published online: 22 Nov 2023
 

Abstract

México is among the main producers of onions, which are cultivated mainly in the states of Baja California, Chihuahua, Guanajuato, Michoacán, and Zacatecas. During June and November 2017, foliar blight symptoms were observed in commercial onion crops in the municipality of Copándaro, Michoacán. The incidence of the disease was 20% in June and 80% in November. The objective of this work was to identify the causal agent or agents of this disease. Fungal isolates recovered from symptomatic plants presented conidia typical of Alternaria and Stemphylium. Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1), and RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2) genes confirmed the identity of the isolates as species within the Alternaria alternata species complex, and Stemphylium vesicarium. The isolates reproduced foliar blight symptoms in inoculated onion plants in pathogenicity tests. This is the first report of Alternaria alternata sensu lato and Stemphylium vesicarium causing foliar blight in commercial onion crops in Michoacán.

Résumé

Le Mexique est un des principaux producteurs d’oignons, ceux-ci étant cultivés dans les États de Basse-Californie, de Chihuahua, de Guanajuato, de Michoacán et de Zacatecas. Au cours de juin et de novembre 2017, des symptômes de brûlure helminthosporienne ont été observés dans les cultures commerciales de la municipalité de Copándaro, dans le Michoacán. L’incidence de la maladie était de 20% en juin et de 80% en novembre. Le but de cette étude était d’identifier l’agent ou les agents causaux de cette maladie. Des isolats fongiques provenant de plants symptomatiques comportaient les conidies typiques d’Alternaria et de Stemphylium. L’identification moléculaire et l’analyse phylogénétique basée sur des séquences partielles de la région de l’espaceur transcrit interne (ITS) de l’ADN ribosomique nucléaire, le facteur d’élongation de la traduction-1 alpha (TEF1) et les gènes de la sous-unité II de l’ARN polymérase (RPB2) ont confirmé l’identité des isolats en tant qu’espèces du complexe Alternaria alternata et Stemphylium vesicarium. Les isolats ont reproduit les symptômes de la brûlure helminthosporienne chez les plants d’oignons inoculés dans le cadre de tests de pathogénicité. Il s’agit de la première mention d’Alternaria alternata et de Stemphylium vesicarium causant la brûlure helminthosporienne dans des cultures commerciales d’oignons au Michoacán.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Marlene Díaz-Celaya for her logistical support during the isolation and development of the pathogenicity test.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The isolates analyzed during this study are available at CM-CNRG (Colección de Microorganismos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos, Jalisco, México) from INIFAP (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias) (https://vun.inifap.gob.mx/portalweb/_Centros?C=007)].

The DNA sequences generated are available in the GenBank of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) with accession numbers MN596827-MN596834, MW429366, MW429367, ON745744-ON745746, ON859132, ON859133, ON873736, ON873737, ON911543-ON911545.

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