Design and characterization of a binary CT complex of imidazole-oxyresveratrol: exploring its pharmacological and computational aspects

Abstract

A new binary charge transfer (CT) complex between imidazole (IMZ) and oxyresveratrol (OXA) was synthesized and characterized experimentally and theoretically. The experimental work was carried out in solution and solid state in selected solvents such as chloroform (CHL), methanol (Me-OH), ethanol (Et-OH), and acetonitrile (AN). The newly synthesized CT complex (D1) has been characterized by various techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and powder-XRD. The 1:1 composition of D1 is confirmed by Jobs’ method of continuous variation and spectrophotometric (at λ_max 554 nm) methods at 298 K. The infrared spectra of D1 confirmed the existence of proton transfer hydrogen bond beside charge transfer interaction. These findings indicate that the cation and anion are joined together by the weak hydrogen bonding as N⁺–H–O^–. Reactivity parameters strongly recommended that IMZ behaves as a good electron donor and OXA an efficient electron acceptor. Density functional theory (DFT) computations with basis set B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) was applied to support the experimental results. TD-DFT calculations gives HOMO (−5.12 eV) → LUMO (−1.14 eV) electronic energy gap ($\Delta E)$ to be 3.80 eV. The bioorganic chemistry of D1 was well established after antioxidant, antimicrobial, and toxicity screening in Wistar rat. The type of interactions between HSA and D1 at the molecular level was studied through fluorescence spectroscopy. Binding constant along with the type of quenching mechanism, was investigated through the Stern-Volmer equation. Molecular docking demonstrated that D1 binds perfectly with human serum albumin and EGFR (1M17) and exposes free energy of binding (FEB) values of −295.2 and −283.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The D1 fits successfully into the minor groove of HAS and 1M17, the results of molecular docking show that the D1 binds perfectly with the HAS and 1M17, the higher value of binding energy shows stronger interaction between HAS and 1M17 with D1. Our synthesized complex shows good binding results with HAS compared to 1M17.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Charge-transfer complex
• P-XRD
• DFT/TD-DFT
• human serum albumin
• acute toxicity
• molecular docking

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Maulana Azad National Fellowship for Minorities given by the University Grants Commission for financial support of this study. The authors are also thankful to late Dr. A. K. Tiwari for histopathological interpretation. Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi is acknowledged for providing necessary space and facilities.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.