The effect of gold and silver nanoparticles, chitosan and their combinations on bacterial biofilms of food-borne pathogens

Abstract

The antimicrobial activity of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs, AgNPs), chitosan (CS) and their combinations was established by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for planktonic (MICPC₈₀) and biofilm growth (MICBC₈₀), for biofilm formation (MICBF₈₀), metabolic activity (MICBM₈₀) and reduction (MICBR₈₀), and for the metabolic activity of preformed biofilm (MICMPB₈₀). Biofilms were quantified in microtitre plates by crystal violet staining and metabolic activity was evaluated by the MTT assay. Chitosan effectively suppressed biofilm formation (0.31–5 mg ml⁻¹) in all the tested strains, except Salmonella enterica Infantis (0.16–2.5 mg ml⁻¹) where CS and its combination with AgNPs induced biofilm formation. Nanoparticles inhibited biofilm growth only when the highest concentrations were used. Even though AuNPs, AgNPs and CS were not able to remove biofilm mass, they reduced its metabolic activity by at least 80%. The combinations of nanoparticles with CS did not show any significant positive synergistic effect on the tested target properties.

Keywords:

• gold nanoparticles
• silver nanoparticles
• chitosan
• biofilm
• antimicrobial activity

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Pavel Ulbrich for the TEM visualization, the Veterinary Research Institute Brno, Czech Republic for providing E. coli strains, and the Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague for preparation of the NPs.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by GACR project 17-15936S and specific university research (MSMT No 21-SVV/2018 and 21-SVV/2019).