Whole body electronic cigarette exposure system for efficient evaluation of diverse inhalation conditions and products

Abstract

Objectives: To develop and test a new system for whole body exposure of small animals to support investigation of the biological effects of aerosol generated by electronic cigarette (e-cig) products under diverse inhalation conditions with improved control and monitoring of the e-cig vape exposure and nicotine delivered to the animal's systemic circulation.

Methods: A computer-controlled design, with built-in sensors for real time monitoring of O₂, CO₂, relative humidity, and temperature within the exposure chambers and port for measuring total particulate matter (TPM) was developed, constructed and tested. This design accommodates a variety of commercial vaping devices, offers software flexibility to adjust exposure protocols to mimic different users' puffing patterns, enables variable nicotine delivery to the animal's systemic circulation; minimizes travel time and alterations of aerosol quality or quantity by delivering aerosol directly to the exposure chamber, offers local or remote operation of up to six distinct exposure chambers from a single control unit, and can simultaneously test different exposure conditions or products in diverse animal groups, which reduces inter-run variability, saves time, and increases productivity.

Results: The time course pattern of TPM concentration during different phases of the exposure cycle was measured. With increased puffing duration or number of exposure cycles, higher TPM exposure and plasma cotinine levels were observed with plasma cotinine levels in the range reported in light or heavy smokers.

Conclusion: Overall, this novel, versatile, and durable exposure system facilitates high-throughput evaluation of the relative safety and potential toxicity of a variety of e-cig devices and liquids.

Keywords:

• Electronic cigarettes
• vaping
• inhalation exposure
• smoking
• inhalation toxicology
• cotinine
• nicotine

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Arkadiy Iosilevich for his expert machining work on the exposure chamber and other required mechanical parts needed for assembly of the exposure system.

Disclosure statement

The authors do not have any conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by NIH/NHLBI grants [R01HL135648] and [R01HL131941].