Design of H-Tree fractal slots frequency reconfigurable hexagonal patch antenna using PIN diodes

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable hexagonal patch antenna with the ability to operate in L and S bands is been presented. This patch incorporates a H-Tree fractal slot on the patch and ground plane of the resonating element with five (5) PIN diodes integrated on the antenna surface to change the current distribution which consequently changes the resonance frequency under different conditions of switches, thereby making it a frequency reconfigurable antenna. The proposed patch antenna allows reconfigurable switching in multiple frequency bands between 1 and 3 GHz, with relative narrow bandwidths. Computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio software is used to analyze the design and it’s fabricated on a Rogers R4350 substrate (0.508 mm thickness) with an area of 63 mm × 69.75 mm. Both simulation and measurement have shown good agreements with each other, satisfying the requirements for Bluetooth, GSM and WLAN antenna applications.

KEYWORDS:

• Frequency reconfigurable antenna
• hexagonal microstrip antenna
• H-Tree fractal slots
• PIN diodes

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of simulation and design for Electronic Information System, Hefei Normal University, China; Information Science Laboratory Center of USTC for software & hardware services, MediaTek for USTC students and project sponsorship, Micro/Nano-Electronic System Integration R&D Centre, University of Science and Technology China; and Chinese Academy of Sciences and The World Academy of Sciences (CAS-TWAS) for their financial support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Akinwale O. Fadamiro http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4643-415X

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Akinwale O. Fadamiro

Akinwale Oluwaseyi Fadamiro was born in Ibadan, Nigeria. He received his B. Eng. and M. Eng. in Electrical & Electronics Engineering, at the Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria. His currently studying is Ph.D. degree at the Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. His current research interests include, antenna design and calibration, RF and wireless communication.

Oluwole J. Famoriji

Oluwole John Famoriji received his B. Eng at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria and M. Eng in Electrical & Electronics Engineering, at the Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria. Currently studying his Ph.D. degree at the Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. His research interests include Signal and Systems, Applied Electromagnetics, and Microwave Engineering.

Rabiu Sale Zakariyya

Rabiu S. Zakariyya received his B. Eng at the Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil Kano, Nigeria and M. Eng in Electrical & Computer Engineering, at the Meliksah University Kayseri, Turkey. Currently studying his Ph.D. degree at the Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. His research interest is digital signal processing.

Zhongxiang Zhang

Zhongxiang Zhang was born in Anhui province, People’s Republic of China. He received his Ph.D degree from University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, in 2007. His research interests are mainly; millimeter microwave antennas, base station antennas, metamaterial-based antennas etc.

Fujiang Lin

Fujiang Lin received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China, in 1982 and 1984, respectively, and Phd in electrical engineering from the University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany, in 1993. In 2010, he joined the USTC as a Full Professor under the Chinese “1000 Talents Program”. He is the Executive Director of the “Micro-/Nano- Electronic System Integration Research and Development Center” MESIC, Hefei, China.