Distribution of Astigmatism among School Children Who Fail Vision Screening in South India

ABSTRACT

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to report the distribution of astigmatism among school children in South India.

Methods

The study was conducted as part of a national school eye screening project named ‘Refractive Error Among Children’ (REACH) between 6 and 17 years of age. Children underwent presenting visual acuity screening, external eye examination, screening for color vision deficiency, and non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies. Those who failed screening underwent, objective and subjective refraction, and identification of other ocular conditions. Astigmatism was defined as cylindrical power greater than 0.50D. Refractive errors were classified into myopia (≤0.50D), hyperopia (≥0.75D), and other refractive errors (between −0.50D and +0.75D). The data on astigmatism were analyzed and were deduced into its vector components (M, J0 and J45). Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed.

Results

Data of 245,565 children from 1047 schools were taken for analysis. The average age was 11.63 ± 3.32 (range:6–17) years. After screening, refractive errors and astigmatism was found to be 6.57% (n = 16157) and 3.69% (n = 9064), respectively. Astigmatism among children aged 6 to 10 years was 1.37%. The mean cylindrical power, J0, and J45 was found to be 1.93 ± 1.06D, 0.06 ± 0.59D, and 0.43 ± 0.81D, respectively. Linear regression showed a decreasing trend in the cylindrical component (p < .001) and shift towards less positive J0 values (p < .001). Higher proportions of astigmatism more than 1.50 D (1.83%,n = 4578) and unilateral astigmatism (1.20%,n = 2952) are evident among refractive errors.

Conclusion

More than 50% of children who failed vision screening with refractive errors presented with astigmatism. Prevalence was higher among primary school children. Presence of higher magnitude and unilateral astigmatism is amblyogenic and needs early intervention.

KEYWORDS:

• Astigmatism
• school children
• power vector
• myopia
• vision impairment

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

The authors acknowledge Qatar Fund for Development for the financial support and Orbis for the technical support in implementation of the REACH program.