Granuloma annulare: strengthening potential associations and pentoxifylline as a therapeutic option

Abstract

Granuloma annulare is frequently described in association with numerous systemic conditions and is often refractory to treatment. This retrospective review explored a large patient cohort to further strengthen associated comorbid conditions and assess response to different treatments in patients with granuloma annulare. This study found that patients with granuloma annulare frequently carried a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Additionally, the highest rate of improvement in any treatment category was seen with pentoxifylline use. Thus, should be further explored as a first-line therapeutic option in the treatment of granuloma annulare.

Keywords:

• Granuloma annulare
• pentoxifylline
• comorbidities
• clinical dermatology

Acknowledgements

Mr. Visconti is a medical student at Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine. Dr. K.A. Ashack is a PGY-4 chief resident physician at the University of Illinois College of Medicine. Dr. R.J. Ashack is an attending physician at Dermatology Associates of West Michigan.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This study has full IRB approval by the Michigan State University IRB.