Comparison of protective properties of resveratrol and melatonin in the radiation inactivation and destruction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase

Abstract

Purpose: This work investigates the effect of resveratrol and melatonin on structural and functional changes of two enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), exposed to radiation-induced reactive oxygen species.

Materials and methods: Solutions of dehydrogenases with or without antioxidants (resveratrol or melatonin) were irradiated with X-rays under the atmosphere of air and at room temperature (21 ± 2 °C). In order to determine the protective effect of melatonin and resveratrol in radiation-induced damage to GAPDH and LDH spectroscopy and HPLC methods were used. Furthermore, plausible binding sites of melatonin or resveratrol to the GAPDH or LDH molecule were analysed.

Results and conclusions: Resveratrol shows better protective properties in the inactivation of GAPDH when compared to melatonin. LDH does not contain ‒SH groups in its active site, and is not inactivated by water radiolysis products other than hydroxyl radicals or the secondary radicals of the studied low-molecular-weight compounds. Resveratrol and melatonin protected the structure of LDH to a greater extent than GAPDH. This difference can be attributed to the fact that LDH potentially binds more resveratrol or melatonin molecules (27 binding sites for resveratrol and 40 for melatonin) than GAPDH (10 binding sites for resveratrol and 18 for melatonin).

Keywords:

• GAPDH
• LDH
• radiation
• resveratrol
• melatonin

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Centre of Poland under Grant [2012/05/B/NZ1/00701].

Notes on contributors

Aleksandra Rodacka

Aleksandra Rodacka is a DSc at the Department of Molecular Biophysics at the University of Lodz. Her research interests lie in the mechanisms of protein modification by reactive species (radicals, oxidants), the biological consequences of such reactions and mechanisms of action of antioxidants.

Joanna Strumillo

Joanna Strumillo is a PhD student at the Department of Molecular Biophysics at the University of Lodz. Her current research interests focus on oxidative protein modifications and protein aggregation.

Mieczyslaw Puchala

Mieczyslaw Puchala is a Professor at the Department of Molecular Biophysics at the University of Lodz. His main research interests concern water radiolysis and generation of reactive oxygen species, protein modification by reactive oxygen species and mechanisms of action of antioxidants.

Eligiusz Serafin

Eligiusz Serafin is a PhD and head of the Laboratory of Computer and Analytical Techniques at the University of Lodz. His primary research interests lie in applying bioinformatics to biomedical research.

Grzegorz Bartosz

Grzegorz Bartosz is a Professor and head of the Department of Molecular Biophysics at the University of Lodz. His main research interests concern generation and reactions of reactive oxygen species, mechanisms of action of antioxidants, role of oxidative stress in the aging of cells and organisms, membrane structure and transport and ABC multidrug transporters.