Feasibility of using a novel algal-bacterial biofilm reactor for efficient domestic wastewater treatment

ABSTRACT

Current algal-bacterial consortia require high hydraulic retention times (HRTs, 2–10 days) to efficiently remove pollutants from domestic wastewaters. A novel algal-bacterial biofilm reactor was developed for a much lower HRT. The results showed that an HRT of 12 h ensured 90% removal of organic matter and ammonium, and phosphate removal was approximately 30%. Decreasing the HRT to 8 h significantly deteriorated the reactor's pollutant removal efficiencies and increasing the HRT to 24 h did not improve these efficiencies. Illumination, which was light source for algae, was provided by a LED light. Activity tests showed that organic matter and ammonium removal rates resulting from illumination were 70% and 50%, respectively, of the rates when dissolved oxygen concentration was maintained at 2 mg/L. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates resulted from illumination and aeration were 18.63 and 25.38 mg COD/L.h, respectively. The phosphate removal rate was 0.26 and 0.43 mg/L.h when illumination and aeration were applied, respectively. The ammonium removal rates were approximately 10,390 and 5000 mg ${\text{NH}}_4^{+}-\mathrm{N}/{\text{m}}^2.\mathrm{d}$ when the reactor was aerated or illuminated, respectively. These two rates were significantly higher than reported nitrification rates. Moreover, the percentage of Oscillatoria sp. increased from below 10% to over 90% under the applied organic load and temperature, while the percentage of fast growing algae, Chlorella, chroococcus sp and Scenedesmus sp., decreased from over 90% to below 10%. These results showed that an algal-bacterial biofilm reactor with a low reactor footprint was developed.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Algal-bacterial
• biofilm
• wastewater
• algae
• inorganic carbon

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program, China under Grant 2015BAD13B03.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Yao Gou http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-1667

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program, China [grant number 2015BAD13B03].