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Abstract
We aimed to prospectively assess the association between variety and quantity of fruits and vegetables (FV) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) incidence and mortality due to the limited evidence. Our analysis included 2,918 adults with a follow-up period of 29,559 person-years. An inverse association was detected between fruit intake and the risk of incidence and mortality from CVD. We found no association between diversity scores of fruits, vegetables, and FV with CVD risk. Subjects with high quantity-high variety, high quantity-low variety, and low quantity-high variety of fruits, vegetables, or FV exhibited no difference in CVD risk compared to the subjects with low quantity-low variety intake. Increasing the variety of FV was associated with increases in the intake of β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, vitamin C, selenium, fibre, fat, and protein after adjustment for the quantity and covariates. We detected an inverse association between fruit intake and the incidence and mortality rates of CVD.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
This study was conducted according to the Helsinki declaration ethics, written consent was obtained from all participants and the ethical committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Code: IR.SBMU.ENDOCRINE.REC.1402.006).
Authors’ contributions
A.K and P.M participated in conception and design of study. M.G and A.K participated analysed and interpreted data. S.SH, A.K, and S.B prepared draft of manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.