Hostile attribution bias in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: narrative review of the literature and persisting questions

Abstract

Background

Social cognition is often aberrant or impaired in psychotic disorders and related to functional outcomes. In particular, one core social cognitive bias – hostile attribution bias – is proposed to be implicated in paranoia, anxiety, mood disturbances and interpersonal conflict outcomes. However, questions remain about this domain’s specificity to psychosis and its relationship to general functional outcomes.

Aims

The present paper offers a descriptive and critical review of the literature on hostile attribution bias in psychotic disorders, in order to examine (1) its impact on persecutory symptoms in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, (2) impact on other related psychopathology among those experiencing psychosis and (3) relationship to functioning.

Methods

Twenty-eight studies included in this review after parallel literature searches of PsycINFO and PubMed.

Results

Evidence from these studies highlighted that hostile attribution bias is elevated in schizophrenia, and that it is related to anxiety, depression and interpersonal conflict outcomes.

Conclusion

While results suggest that hostile attributions are elevated in schizophrenia and associated with symptoms and functioning, there exist numerous persisting questions in the study of this area, including identifying which measures are most effective and determining how it presents: as a state or trait-like characteristic, via dual processes, and its situational variation.

Keywords:

• Schizophrenia
• social cognition
• attributional style
• hostile attribution bias

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).