Private tutoring and parents decision to work more: evidence from Egypt

ABSTRACT

We study the effect of private tutoring (PT) on parents' decision to work more using a sample from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey in 2012 and apply a semi-parametric recursive bivariate probit model to control for endogeneity. Our finding shows that PT increases father propensity to work overtime by about 2 percentage points (pp) and a father's propensity to work a secondary job by about 4 pp. The increase in mother propensity to work is significantly high where it reaches 27 pp. In the urban areas, the effect is insignificant for the father but exceeds 37 pp for the mother.

KEYWORDS:

• Private tutoring
• semi-parametric
• bivariate
• probit

JEL CLASSIFICATION:

• J20
• J23
• I20
• I22
• C30
• C35

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Giampiero Marra at University College London and Rosalba Radice at University of London for their comments and discussion about the results and for updating the package SemiParBIVProbit in R software to make us able to complete this research. Our greatest debt of gratitude goes to Eric Smiley at KFU for the real valuable suggestions and input in our research.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Obbey Elamin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2883-9815

Reham Rizk http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-7216

John Adams http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2316-3606