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Abstract
Online tourism crowdsourcing platforms, such as AirBnB, Expedia or TripAdvisor, rely on the continuous data sharing by tourists and businesses to provide free or paid value-added services. When adequately processed, these data streams can be used to explain and support businesses in the early identification of trends as well as prospective tourists in obtaining tailored recommendations, increasing the confidence in the platform and empowering further end-users. However, existing platforms still do not embrace the desired accountability, responsibility and transparency (ART) design principles, underlying to the concept of sustainable tourism. The objective of this work is to study this problem, identify the most promising techniques which follow these principles and design a novel ART-compliant processing pipeline. To this end, this work surveys: (i) real-time data stream mining techniques for recommendation and trend identification; (ii) trust and reputation (T&R) modelling of data contributors; (iii) chained-based storage of trust models as smart contracts for traceability and authenticity; and (iv) trust- and reputation-based explanations for a transparent and satisfying user experience. The proposed pipeline redesign has implications both to digital and to sustainable tourism since it advances the current processing of tourism crowdsourcing platforms and impacts on the three pillars of sustainable tourism.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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Fátima Leal
Fátima Leal holds a M.Sc. in Electrical and Computers Engineering (Major in Telecommunications) from the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal and a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Vigo, Spain. She is a researcher at the National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. Her research, which is applied to crowdsourced tourism data, is focused on Trust and Reputation, Big Data and Context-awareness.
Benedita Malheiro
Benedita Malheiro holds a Ph.D. and an M.Sc. in Electrical and Computers Engineering, and a five-year graduation in Electrical Engineering from the University of Porto (Faculty of Engineering), Portugal. She is an adjunct professor at the Polytechnic Institute of Porto (School of Engineering) and a senior researcher at INESC TEC (Centre of Robotics and Autonomous Systems), both located in Porto, Portugal. Her research interests include distributed, dynamic, decentralised intelligent problem solving, artificial intelligence, data science, and engineering education. She is a member of AAAI, ACM, and APPIA.
Bruno Veloso
Bruno Veloso holds an M.Sc. in Electrical and Computers Engineering, Major in Telecommunications from the Polytechnic Institute of Porto (School of Engineering), and a Ph.D. degree in Telematics Engineers from the University of Vigo, Spain. He is an auxiliary professor at University Portucalense, invited assistant professor at Faculty of Economics University of Porto and researcher at the INESC TEC (Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support (LIAAD)). His interests include distributed artificial intelligence, multi-agent systems, personalization, recommendation systems, and data streams. He authored more than 25 peer-reviewed papers in areas related to artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, and data streams. He regularly serves as a program committee member or reviewer for international conferences and journals, and he is a member of the Spanish Association for Artificial Intelligence (AEPIA).
Juan Carlos Burguillo
Juan C. Burguillo received the M.Sc. degree in Telecommunication Engineering in 1995, and the Ph.D. degree in Telematics in 2001; both at the University of Vigo, Spain. He is currently an associate professor at the Department of Telematic Engineering, and a researcher at the AtlanTTic Research Center in Telecom. Technologies at the University of Vigo. From 2004 to 2006 he was Quality responsible at the Telecommunications School, and from 2005 to 2009 vice-Dean for International Relations. In October 2010, he received a Medal for the Merit Order, from the Ministry of Interior affairs, for supporting the Spanish Security Forces in the fight against childhood crime in the Internet. He has directed and participated in several R&D projects in the areas of Telematics and Computer Science in national and international calls. He has published more than one hundred papers, in international refereed journals and conference proceedings; and has also authored a book published by Springer-Nature in 2018. He is a regular reviewer of several international conferences and journals including the Journal of Autonomous Agents and Multi-agent Systems, Computers and Education, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, and the Journal of Network and Computer Applications among others. He is also the area editor of the journal Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory (SIMPAT) in his topics of interest: intelligent systems, evolutionary game theory, multiagent systems, self-organization and complex adaptive systems.