https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5943-4522
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ABSTRACT
Traditional morphology-based investigations of the red algal genera Devaleraea and Palmaria (Palmariaceae, Rhodophyta) fail to provide accurate accounts of diversity and distribution for species from the Russian coast of the north-western Pacific. Consequently, there is much disagreement and taxonomic uncertainty regarding several species. To resolve these issues we conducted a molecular-assisted investigation that included a DNA barcode survey (COI-5’) and multilocus (COI-5’, cob, psaA, ITS) phylogenetic analyses. Our analyses indicate that diversity was previously underestimated for the Devaleraea/Palmaria complex. We describe three additional species of Devaleraea: D. sakhalinensis sp. nov., D. kussakinii sp. nov. and D. urupiana sp. nov. We consider D. titlyanoviorum to be an alga with abundant proliferations from the margins, branching to several orders, that is known only from Kunashir Island. Algae from Sakhalin Island and the mainland coast of the Sea of Japan previously identified as D. titlyanoviorum are described here as D. sakhalinensis. We confirmed that the genus Palmaria is not monotypic. It includes at least two species: P. palmata in the North Atlantic and P. moniliformis in the north-western Pacific. We expand the known ranges of D. callophylloides, D. mollis and P. hecatensis in the north-western Pacific southwards and find that D. stenogona is confined to the northern part of the Sea of Japan. The distribution patterns of species of the genera Devaleraea and Palmaria are discussed in relation to the oceanography of the north-western Pacific.
HIGHLIGHTS
Three new species of the genus Devaleraea are proposed.
The genus Palmaria is not monotypic and includes at least two species, P. moniliformis and P. palmata.
Acknowledgements
Part of the material for this study was obtained during the 56th expedition aboard the R/V Academic Oparin to the Sea of Okhotsk and north-west Pacific. We are deeply grateful to divers A.S. Oskolkov, K.K. Dudka and I.N. Ivanov for their assistance in collecting seaweeds.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Supplementary material
The following supplementary material is accessible via the Supplementary Content tab on the article’s online page at https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2023.2169767
Supplementary fig. S1. Map showing various locations, which have been mentioned in the text as well as in Tables S1 and S2. Bering Sea: 1, Anadyr Bay; 2, Navarinskiy region; 2a, Dezhneva Bay; 3, Olutorskiy Gulf; 4, Karaginskiy Gulf. 5, Commander Islands. Eastern Kamchatka: 6, Kamchatskiy Gulf; 7, Kronotskiy Gulf; 8, Avacha Gulf; 9, Asacha Bay; 10, Cape Lopatka. Kuril Islands: 11, Paramushir Island; 12, Matua Island; 13, Ushishir Island; 14, Simushir Island; 15, Urup Island; 16, Iturup Island; 17, Kunashir Island; 18; Lesser Kuril Islands. 19, Hokkaido region, Sea of Okhotsk: 20, Ust’-Charuzovo village; 21, Shelikhova Gulf, 22, Tauyskaya Bay; 23, Eirineyskaya Bay; 24, Ayan Gulf, 25, Shantar Islands; 26, Alexandra Bay and Ekaterina Bay; 27, Iona Island. 28, Starodubskoe village (Sakhalin Island); Sea of Japan: 29, Tatar Strait; 30, Moneron Island; 31, Cape Rassipnoy; 32, Rudnaya Bay. Inset: Area including Southern and Lesser Kuril Islands. Iturup Island: 33, Chirip Peninsula; 34; Prostor Gulf. 35, Catherine Strait between Iturup Island and Kunashir Island. 36, Yuzhno-Kurilskiy Strait between Kunashir Island and Lesser Kuril Islands, Lesser Kuril Islands: 37, Zeleniy Island; 38, Shikotan Island.
Supplementary figs S2–S7. Morphology and anatomy of Devaleraea sp1 – Devaleraea sp3. Supplementary fig. S2. Habitus of Devaleraea sp1. from Broutona Bay (Simushir Island, Sea of Okhotsk) afterward identified as D. callophylloides. Scale bar = 2 cm. Supplementary fig. S3. Anatomy of Devaleraea sp1. Scale bar = 50 μm. Supplementary fig. S4. Morphology of Devaleraea sp2 from Urup Island, afterward identified as D. urupiana. Scale bar = 2 cm. Supplementary fig. S5. Anatomy of Devaleraea sp2. Scale bar = 50 μm. Supplementary fig. S6. Habitus of Devaleraea sp3, afterward identified as D. kussakinii. Scale bar = 5 cm. Supplementary fig. S7. Fragment of cross-section throughout tube of Devaleraea sp3, showing inner cavity. Scale bar = 100 μm.
Supplementary fig. S8. Bayesian tree inferred from psaA sequences. Sequences from the holotypes of the species of Devaleraea are underlined. Sequences obtained in this study are in bold. Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.75) and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (> 75%) are given.
Supplementary fig. S9. Bayesian tree inferred from cob sequences. Sequences from the holotypes of the species of Devaleraea are underlined. Sequences obtained in this study are in bold. Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.75) and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (> 75%) are given.
Supplementary fig. S10. Bayesian tree built on the base ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences dataset that includes only unique haplotypes. Sequences from the holotypes of the species of Devaleraea are underlined. Sequences obtained in this study are in bold. Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.75) and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (> 75%) are given.
Supplementary fig. S11. Map of the main currents in the north-western Pacific. 1, Kamchatka Current (cold); 2, Kuroshio Current (warm); 3, Oyashio Current (cold); 4, Alaskan Stream (warm); 5, Tsushima Current (warm); 6, Soya Current (warm); 7, Liman Current (cold); 8, Shrenk Current (cold); 9, Okhotsk Sea Currents (cold); 10, Sporadic tidal current from the Sea of Okhotsk, which is activated during strong east winds and “reverse” the Soya Current. Centers of speciation: A, Pacific coast of Honshu Island; B, Middle Kuriles, including Simushir, Ushishir and Urup Islands; C, water area including Kunashir Island, the Little Kurile Islands, south Sakhalin and Hokkaido; D, the southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk.
Supplementary table S1. Distribution of species Devaleraea and Palmaria in the north-western Pacific according to literature data.
Supplementary table S2. Specimens of Devaleraea and Palmaria sensu lato examined in the study.
Supplementary table S3. Species of Devaleraea and Palmaria: sources of COI-5’, ITS, psaA and COB sequences included in the analyses. Sequences generated in this study indicated in bold. Holotypes of the new species and its sequences are underlined. Voucher numbers are given after species names for each specimen.
Author contributions
A.V. Skriptsova: seaweed collection, original concept, light microscopy, manuscript preparation. S.Yu. Shibneva: DNA sequencing, manuscript preparation. A.A. Semenchenko: DNA sequencing, analysis of molecular data, manuscript preparation.