Indian health diplomacy in East Africa: Exploring the potential in pharmaceutical manufacturing

ABSTRACT

Indian engagement in East Africa’s health sector is multifaceted, comprehensive and involves national and subnational actors. It includes exports of low cost generics, building health infrastructure, aid, technical assistance and hosting medical tourists among others. This paper, based on extensive fieldwork conducted with multiple stakeholders in Kenya and Ethiopia, provides an overview of the various components of India’s co-operation in the East African health sector and identifies pharmaceutical manufacturing as a space for Indian actors to leverage their strengths. It focuses on two case studies of manufacturers: a third-generation company in Kenya owned by members of the Indian diaspora, and a newly formed subsidiary of an Indian corporation in Ethiopia. These case studies inform the larger debate on India’s health diplomacy on the continent and the myriad ways in which the Indian state as well as corporates can enhance existing co-operation.

KEYWORDS:

• India
• Africa
• health
• co-operation
• diplomacy
• pharmaceuticals
• manufacturing

Acknowledgement

The author would like to acknowledge the contribution of the Sino Africa Centre of Excellence (SACE), Nairobi for their support during the field trip in Kenya and Ethiopia in September 2017. The author also thanks managers at Cosmos, Ltd & Cadila Pharmaceuticals (Ethiopia) PLC for their time and patience in answering questions. Additionally, the contribution of members of government and industry interviewed anonymously, is immense and is deeply valued. Support provided by Mr. Sumanta Chowdhury, pharmaceutical consultant, during the course of this research – especially for access to his extensive network in Mumbai, Kenya and Ethiopia – is deeply appreciated. Assistance provided by Ms. Sunaina Bose, IIT Madras in editing and referencing the paper is also gratefully acknowledged.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

Veda Vaidyanathan is a research associate at the Institute of Chinese Studies, New Delhi. She completed her PhD from the Centre for African Studies at the University of Mumbai on the resource diplomacy strategies of India and China in Africa. She was initially a doctoral fellow of the Indian Council of Social Science Research and in 2014 received the Institute of Chinese Studies-Harvard Yenching Institute (ICS-HYI) China–India studies fellowship. From 2015–2016 she was a senior visiting fellow at the Centre for African Studies, School of International Studies, Peking University, China and was a visiting fellow at the Harvard-Yenching Institute in Harvard University the following year. She has conducted extensive fieldwork interviewing various stakeholders in India, China, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, the US and the UK. Her research currently focuses on the interactions of India, China and other emerging powers with countries in Africa.

Notes

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79 Ibid.

80 Personal Interview, Officials at FMHACA, Ethiopia, September 2017.

81 Personal Interview, Mr. Alakh Patel, Cosmos Ltd (Kenya) & Members of Management in Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ethiopia Ltd. (CPEL, Ethiopia) in September 2017.

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84 Personal Interview, Plant Manager, CPEL, Ethiopia, September 2017.

85 Personal Interview, Members of Management CPEL, Ethiopia, September 2017.

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88 Personal Interview, Mr. Alakh Patel, Cosmos Ltd (Kenya), September 2017.

89 Personal Interview, Plant Manager, CPEL, Ethiopia, September 2017.

90 Cosmos Ltd., Company Profile. <https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BygN2JyBH4RlODZjTE8tZEVpSXc/view>.

91 Ibid.

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93 An example was provided of Indometacin capsules in which API tested at 40%.

94 (Indometacin capsules tested at 40%), Personal Interview, Anonymous, September 2017.

95 Personal Interview, Members of Management, CPEL, Ethiopia, September 2017.

96 Ibid.

97 ‘Ethiopia to commission Chinese built pharmaceutical industrial park in march 2018’, Xinhua, 25 December 2017, accessed on 10 December 2018 <http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/25/c_136849330.htm>.

98 Personal Interview, Members of Management, CPEL, Ethiopia, September 2017.

99 ‘Investing in Ethiopia: The future pharmaceutical hub of Africa’, Ethiopian Investment Commission, March 2018, accessed on 17 December 2018, <https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2018-03/Aida%20Bayissa%2C%20Ethiopian%20Investment%20Commission_01032018%20Bonn.pdf>.

100 Personal Interview, Officials at FMHACA, Ethiopia, September 2017.

101 Personal Interview, Mrs. Zaf Gebretsadik, CEO Zaf Pharmaceuticals Plc. and Executive Director Sino-Ethiopia Associates Plc., September 2017.

102 Personal Interview, importers, wholesalers, distributors and industry personnel in Ethiopia and Kenya, September 2017.