https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9475-0491
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ABSTRACT
Background: Essential fatty acids (EFAs) and non-essential fatty acids (nEFAs) exert experimental and clinical neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. The main EFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), nEFAs, and oleic acid (OA) contained in olive and fish oils are inserted into the cell membranes, but the exact mechanism through which they exert neuroprotection is still unknown.
Objectives and Methods: In this study, we assessed the fatty acids content and membrane fluidity in striatal rat synaptosomes after fatty acid-rich diets (olive- or a fish-oil diet, 15% w/w). Then, we evaluated the effect of enriching striatum synaptosomes with fatty acids on the oxidative damage produced by the prooxidants ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) or quinolinic acid (QUIN).
Results and Discussion: Lipid profile analysis in striatal synaptosomes showed that EPA content increased in the fish oil group in comparison with control and olive groups. Furthermore, we found that synaptosomes enriched with fatty acids and incubated with QUIN or FeSO4 showed a significant oxidative damage reduction. Results suggest that EFAs, particularly EPA, improve membrane fluidity and confer antioxidant effect.
Acknowledgements
All authors had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. A.M.-M. A.Z-C and F.P.-S. designed the research. A.S-M., P.E.M.-G., M.E.-H. conducted the research. E.S.-C., C.R. and J.C.M.-L. performed statistical analysis. F.P.-S. and A.M.-M. wrote the manuscript and F.P.-S. had primary responsibility for the final content.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes on contributors
Adriana Morales-Martínez PhD. ([email protected]) Research fields in the study of neuroprotection mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases by different drugs, assessing behavioural changes, mitochondrial dysfunction (oxygen consumption), oxidative stress and computational studies (docking).
Absalom Zamorano-Carrillo PhD. ([email protected]) Researcher at ENMH- Instituto Politécnico Nacional Research fields in Biophysics, Biomathematics and Bioinformatics focus in Biomedicine. In the laboratory is employed a computational technique called Molecular Dynamics in which simulate the movement of proteins and membranes, to explain why certain structures are associated with the functionality of a molecule and / or to predict new domains of therapeutic interest.
Sergio Montes PhD. ([email protected]) Researcher in Medical Sciences. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez. He has experience in the studies of environmental management program on exposure to heavy metals in Mexico and in the study of the oxidant and antioxidant processes in encephalopathy. He has published several articles in this area.
Mohammed El-Hafidi PhD. ([email protected]) Researcher in Medical Sciences. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. He has experience in studies of lipid profile and mitochondrial function in cardiovascular diseases. He has published and directed students in postgraduate training.
Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza PhD. ([email protected]) Researcher in Medical Sciences. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. She has experience in study of the cardiovascular diseases in experimental models and has tested protective cardioprotective therapies in myocardial infarction. She has published and directed students in postgraduate training.
Elizabeth Soria-Castro M.Sc. ([email protected]) Researcher in Medical Sciences. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. She has experience in microscopy and histological analysis in different human or animal tissues. She has published several articles in the area.
Juan Carlos Martínez-Lazcano PhD. ([email protected]) Researcher in Medical Sciences. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez. He is an expert in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and epilepsy, his approach is the oxidative mechanism mediated by the participation of nitric oxide. He has several articles in this area.
Pablo Eliasib Martínez-Gopar M.Sc ([email protected]) PhD student in Experimental Neuropharmacology at Cinvestav México. His research fields including oxidative stress mechanisms in brain and neuroinflamation.
Camilo Ríos PhD. ([email protected]) Researcher in Medical Sciences. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez. Chief of Neurochemistry Department. He has wide experience in mechanisms of brain damage by free radicals. Nowadays he works in the Characterization of therapeutic targets in models of injured spinal traumatic injury.
Francisca Pérez-Severiano PhD. ([email protected]) Researcher in Medical Sciences. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez. Francisca Pérez-Severiano has experience in the study of damage mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Huntington disease in experimental models and search for therapies. She has several articles in this area.