https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-3403
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ABSTRACT
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that still has no permanent cure. The drugs prescribed in the present days are only for symptomatic relief for the patients. Many studies correlating the reduction in the incidence of AD with the diet consumed have been published. These studies showed that a diet rich in polyphenols is associated with a decrease in the incidence of AD. The present review is focused on the ability of pomegranate and its bioactive components to ameliorate the progression of AD and their ability to exert a neuroprotective effect. Various studies showing the ability of pomegranate in inhibiting enzymes, reducing reactive oxygen species, inhibition of microglial activation, inhibition of tau protein hyperphosphorylation, maintenance of synaptic plasticity, anti-inflammatory activity and its ability to inhibit Beta secretase-1 (BACE-1) has been reviewed in this article. In spite of the lack of studies on humans, there are compelling evidence indicating that pomegranate can reduce various risk factors involved in the causation of AD and thus can be used as a persistent nutraceutical to slow ageing and for providing neuroprotection for the treatment of AD.
Highlights
An overview of traditional and pharmacological uses of pomegranate (POM).
Potential of POM in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases especially in AD.
Insight into the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of POM in AD.
Clinical evaluation studies involving POM and its bioactive components.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Dean College of Pharmacy, NU for the infrastructure and encouragement. The authors also thank the research council of Oman (TRC; now a part of MOHERI) for the award of RG project (RGP/HSS/19/232/2019) in call 2019-20. One of the authors (NG) is also thankful to TRC for the award of RA position in the project. All authors have read and approved the manuscript prior to the submission.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Data availability statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Namy George
Namy George received her M. Pharm in Pharmaceutical Chemistry from Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kerala, India in 2017. She is working as a Research Assistant at the National University of science and Technology, Muscat. Her research interest includes Computer Aided drug designing, synthesizing various heterocyclic molecules and screening their pharmacological actions, and formulating nano and microparticles for controlled hormonal release. She has published 11 research articles on these aspects. Previously she worked as a Formulation scientist in the Amrita Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Kerala, India and was involved in the development and analysis of hormonal drug delivery systems.
Majed AbuKhader
Dr Majed AbuKhader is a professor of nutritional and clinical biochemistry and HoD of Pharmacology and Biological Sciences Department in the College of Pharmacy - National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman. He has around 15 years of teaching and research experience in Jordan and Oman. His research focuses on various issues in public health nutrition such as the use of additives in food marketed to children and public awareness to probiotics and functional foods beside others. Dr. Majed has participated in many scientific conferences/symposiums/workshops related to nutritional sciences either as a speaker and/or poster presenter. He has published around 33 original research articles in peer reviewed journals, conference papers and a book chapter. Dr. Majed is currently working on projects to establish and develop better understanding between nutrition habits/patterns and the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Oman and Arabian Gulf region.
Khalid Al Balushi
Dr Khalid Al Balushi is currently working as the Dean of College of Pharmacy at the National University of Science and Technology, Oman. He received BSc (Health Sciences) degree from College of Medicine at Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman, in 1999. He completed his MSc degree in Clinical Pharmacology from the University of Aberdeen, UK in 2002. He was awarded PhD in Therapeutics from the Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Nottingham, UK, in 2008. He has more than 20 years of teaching, research and administrative experience. He was holding the position of Assistant Dean of Postgraduate Studies and Research at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, SQU from September 2013 to March 2018. He was the Assistant Dean of Research at the Deanship of Research of SQU from March 2018 - December 2019. Dr. Khalid worked as an Associate Professor of Pharmacology in the Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy during the same period delivering his teaching and conducting his research. He supervised many undergraduate and postgraduate students in their research projects. He has 34 publications in peer-reviewed journals to his credit which have been cited more than 1150 citations so far. His major areas of research interest are Pharmacogenomics of diseases in the Omani population and Drug prescribing patterns in Oman.
Bushra Al Sabahi
Bushra Al Sabahi received her MSc degree in Organic chemistry from the Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. She is currently working as a lecturer in the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, National University, Oman. Her research interests include chemical and pharmacological evaluation of Omani medicinal plants. She has published five research papers.
Shah Alam Khan
Dr Shah Alam Khan is currently working as a Professor and Head Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman. He received his Ph.D. from Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India in 2003 for studying the chemistry and role of Silybum marianum (Milk thistle), silymarin and its synthetic analogues in the hepatoprotection. He is a recipient of Junior Research Fellowship (JRF-UGC, GATE qualified) and Senior Research fellowship (SRF, CSIR) from the Government of India to pursue master's and doctorate degrees. He is having more than 20 years of teaching and research experience. His research interests lie at the interface of molecular biology and medicinal chemistry and includes synthesis and biological evaluation of natural products vis a vis synthetic heterocyclic compounds of potential therapeutic interest. He has contributed more than 170 full length articles in the well reputed scientific journals and 11 book chapters. He has been cited more than 5300 times as per Google Scholar. He is serving as an editorial board member of several international journals and has reviewed hundreds of scientific papers in the field of Pharmaceutical sciences. He is a life member of many professional bodies such as IPA, IPGA and APTI.