https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-5155
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ABSTRACT
Purpose
Migraine is a highly prevalent headache disorder, and intake of various nutrients and special diets may improve migraine symptoms. We aimed to clarify the association between nutritional status and migraine.
Patients and methods
We collected the data of 1838/8953 (migraineurs/all participants) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 cycle. We used weighted multivariable linear or logistic regression analyses to study the association between the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and the occurrence of severe headache or migraine.
Results
After adjusting for confounding variables, we found that mild (PNI 45–50) or moderate to severe (PNI <45) malnutrition were associated with higher prevalence of severe headache or migraine (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.12, P = 0.004; OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03–1.12, P < 0.001). In addition, we found that those with severe headache or migraine consumed less alcohol, dietary fiber, cholesterol, total folate, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin K, selenium, potassium, magnesium, and copper, and consumed more caffeine and theobromine than did those without severe headache or migraine.
Conclusion
The PNI is associated with migraine prevalence, and may thus serve as a predictor of migraine risk and highlights the potential of nutrition-based strategies for migraine prevention and treatment.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the National Center for Health Statistics for sharing the data.
Disclosure statement
The authors all declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Availability of data and materials
All data in this study are available from the National Center for Health Statistics.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Cheng Peng
Dr. Cheng Peng is a master candidate studying in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, majoring in Neurology. His research interests include headache disorders and cerebrovascular diseases.
Lijie Gao
Dr. Lijie Gao is a doctoral student studying in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, majoring in Neurology. Her research interests include cerebrovascular diseases, headache disorders and cognition.
Kongyuan Wu
Dr. Kongyuan Wu is a master candidate studying in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, majoring in Neurology. Her research interests include headache disorders and cerebrovascular diseases.
Xin Jiang
Dr. Xin Jiang is a master candidate studying in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, majoring in Neurology. His research interests include cerebrovascular diseases.
Xiwen Chen
Dr. Xiwen Chen is a master candidate studying in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, majoring in Neurology. He is also a doctor of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital. His research interests include cerebrovascular diseases.
Changling Li
Dr. Changling Li is working as a post-doctor in the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University.Her work focuses on the headache disorders.
Wenjing Ge
Dr. Wenjing Ge is a master candidate studying in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, majoring in Neurology. Her research interests include headache disorders.
Li He
Dr. Li He is a professor of the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Her work focuses on cerebrovascular diseases and headache disorders. She has published many articles and books in the field of Neurology.
Ning Chen
Dr. Ning Chen is an associate professor of the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, focusing on studies of cerebrovascular diseases and headaches.