Monitoring and Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Effluents from a Surface Treatment Industry

ABSTRACT

In Europe, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a source of concern due to their toxic effects and are considered as priority pollutants by water authorities. In this study, we reported the results of qualitative and quantitative monitoring of 16 PAHs in effluents from a surface treatment industry to determine their origin. The results indicated that PAHs were present in the discharge waters at a concentration of 500 ng L⁻¹ (in average for the PAH sum). However, the further we returned to the start of the industrial process, the more the PAH concentrations increased. Indeed, the highest concentrations (>20,000 ng L⁻¹ for the PAH sum) were found in the degreasing baths – the first step in the part treatment. The final analyses showed that the PAHs came from the oils left on the metal parts by the suppliers. The important difference in concentrations between the upstream (first baths in the production line) and the downstream (discharge water) of the effluent showed that phenomena including dilution or potentially degradation occurred but that the major part of the PAHs tended to adsorb to sludge during the settling step in the effluent treatment plant.

KEYWORDS:

• Industrial effluents
• organic compounds
• oils
• polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
• production baths
• treatment plant

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Fabrice Heraut and Mustapha Ouicher (Zindel Industry, Seloncourt, France) for helpful discussions and technical support.

Funding

The authors thank the Agence de l'Eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse, the FEDER (Fonds Européens de Développement Régional) and the Conseil Régional de Franche-Comté for financial support (NIRHOFEX Program 2013–2016).