Metal Ion Detection by Carbon Dots—A Review

Abstract

Development of economical, sensitive, selective and robust sensors for metal ion sensing is always fascinating for a chemist because traditional routs for their detection involve complicated instrumentation and critical sample preparation procedures. A large number of metal ion detectors including carbon dots (CDs) have been reported for sensitive and selective detection of metal ions. This review comprehensively explores the use of CDs as metallic cation sensors. CDs are being fabricated from variety of carbon sources by employing various synthetic channels. CDs are proved to be efficient colorimetric and fluorimetric detectors due to surface oxygen moieties which are responsible to co-ordinate with metal ions. Doping of CDs with hetero atom such as N, S, B etc. may further enhance their activity toward metal detection. Therefore, designing of CDs having selective sensing properties with low detection limits has gained significant interest.

Highlights

• CDs have gained much attention as chemical sensors due to their dynamic features i.e. less toxicity, stability, solubility in various solvents, absorption in UV/Vis. region, fluorescence and tunable physico-chemical properties.

• These are coast effective, sensitive and selective colorimetric and fluorimetric metal ion sensors.

• Detection of metal ions by CDs involves different mechanisms such as complexation, aggregation, electron transfer, inner filter effect etc.

• LOD data is an evidence of their greater efficiency.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Carbon dots
• fluorimetric detection
• metal ion
• sensing
• UV/Vis