Methods of extraction, separation, purification, structural characterization for polysaccharides from aquatic animals and their major pharmacological activities

Abstract

The further development of fishery resources is a hotspot in the development of the fishery industry. However, how to develop aquatic animal resources deeply is a key point to be solved in the fishery industry. Over the past decades, numerous aquatic animals have gained great attention in the development and utilization of their bioactive molecules which are of therapeutic applications as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Recent research revealed that aquatic animals are composed of many vital moieties, such as polysaccharides and proteins, which provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. In particular, aquatic animal polysaccharides are gaining worldwide popularity owing to their high content, ease of extraction, specific structure, few side effects, prominent therapeutic potential and incorporation in functional foods and dietary supplements. Thus, tremendous research on the isolation, identification and bioactivities of polysaccharides has been carried out. This review presents comprehensive viewpoints on extraction, separation, purification, structural characterization and bioactivity of various polysaccharides from aquatic animals, such as sea cucumber, abalone, oyster and mussels. In addition, this review profiled a brief knowledge on both current challenges and future scope in aquatic animal polysaccharides field. The review will be a direction of deep processing in fishery resources, which is a hotspot, but technical bottleneck. Furthermore, the review could be served as a useful reference material for further investigation, production and application of polysaccharides from aquatic animals in functional foods and therapeutic agents.

Keywords:

• Aquatic animal polysaccharides
• isolation
• identification
• structural characterization
• protein removal
• bioactivity

Acknowledgment

This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81503387, 31601526), Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province (2017-YY-003), Open Funds of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research (LPRK201704), Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2013B090800052 and 2013A022100002), the Construction of High Level Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province University in Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (A1-AFD018161Z1521, A1-AFD018181A30).

Additional information

Funding

This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81503387, 31601526), Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province, Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province (2017-YY-003), Open Funds of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research (LPRK201704), Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2013B090800052 and 2013A022100002), the Construction of High Level Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province University in Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (A1-AFD018161Z1521, A1-AFD018181A30)