Comparison of critical factor affecting the germination of rice seeds treated by LASER and plasma

Abstract

The effects of laser (single, double, and triple pulse laser) and plasma treatment (time and voltage variation) on rice seeds (KS-186) with and without seed coat are investigated in this research work. Germination rate, fungus attack, root to stem ratio and water absorption was explored. The germination rate of the seeds reached 86% and maximum water absorption for 3- and 4-min plasma treated seeds whereas 100% growth rate is observed for single pulsed LASER treated leads to best root to stem ratio. In contract to the LASER treatment, there was no fungus attack on seeds with seed coat treated with plasma as compared to untreated seed coat. The protein analysis reveals that nutritional contents of seeds were enhanced due to irradiation by laser.

KEYWORDS:

• Plasma treatment
• rice seeds
• germination rate
• fungus attack
• laser treatment

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Availability of data and materials

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Additional information

Funding

Author(s) greatly acknowledges the cooperation/collaboration, facilitation and financial support/assistance by Scientific Research Deanship at University of Ha’il-Saudi Arabia through project number RG-21 133.

Notes on contributors

Tahir Iqbal

Tahir Iqbal is a lead researcher at the Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gujrat (UoG), Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan.

Muhammad Salim

Muhammad Salim is a PhD Scholar at the Department of Physics, UoG, Gujrat.

Sumera Afsheen

Sumera Afsheen is an entomologist at the Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan.

Muhammad Abrar

Muhammad Abrar is a physicist at Hazara University Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan.

Hira Naseer

Hira Naseer is a PhD Scholar at Department of Physics, UoG, Gujrat.

Muhammad Tauseef Qureshi

Muhammad Tauseef Qureshi is an active researcher at the Department of Basic Sciences, College of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Reda S. Abdel Hameed

Reda S. Abdel Hameed, is also contributing significant role at the Department of Basic Sciences, College of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

D. Mohamed

D. Mohamed, is also contributing significant role at the Department of Basic Sciences, College of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Mahmoud Al Elaimi

Mahmoud Al Elaimi, is also contributing significant role at the Department of Basic Sciences, College of Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Mahmoud Shafik Soliman

Mahmoud Shafik Soliman is a researcher at the Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, 2440, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.