Difference in outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes

Abstract

To evaluate whether outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation differ according to disease type, a three-way comparison for patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 3318), AML evolving from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (n = 208), and MDS with excess blasts (MDS-EB) (n = 994) was performed. The 5-year probabilities of overall survival (OS) for de novo AML, AML evolving from MDS, and MDS-EB were 60%, 42%, and 41% (p < 0.001), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that, compared to de novo AML, AML evolving from MDS was associated with a higher risk of NRM (p = 0.030) and MDS-EB with a higher risk of relapse (p < 0.001), both leading to lower OS (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively). These findings demonstrate inter-disease differences in post-transplant outcomes and highlight the needs to reduce NRM for AML evolving from MDS and to reduce relapse for MDS-EB.

Keywords:

• Acute myeloid leukemia
• myelodysplastic syndrome
• allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported in part by a grant from the Practical Research Project for Allergic Diseases and Immunology (Research Technology of Medical Transplantation) from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Grant no. 18ek0510023h0002, and a grant from the Aichi Cancer Research Foundation, Grant no. 2020-1-11.