In situ monitoring of PVDF ultrasound transducers under gamma irradiation

ABSTRACT

Ultrasonic transducer (UT) systems are used for non-destructive testing and evaluation across a wide range of industries. In the nuclear industry, radiation damage of the UTs can lead to performance degradation or even complete failure. We have investigated the radiation resilience of a new piezo-polymer (PVDF) UT design. The irradiations were performed in a Cobalt-60 gamma facility with total ionising doses up to 10.5 MGy. Continuous pulse-echo measurements were taken in-situ allowing the performance as a function of time to be monitored. In addition to the UT irradiations and measurements, high fidelity Monte Carlo particle transport simulations were performed to study the radiation environments and the ionising dose profiles within the devices under test. These dose profiles were used to gain insight into the behaviour of PVDF under irradiation. Results show that all sensors were able to withstand the doses achieved without suffering complete failure, with the best performing device only losing 47% of its initial amplitude. Dose profiles for the PVDF show piezoelectric performance to increase by up to 7% at doses around 500 kGy after which performance was found to drop linearly at a rate of between 6.5% and 10% per MGy.

KEYWORDS:

• Ultrasound
• transducer
• NDT
• nuclear
• radiation
• simulation

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. Measurement Specialities Inc. (TE Connectivity) Schaffhausen, Switzerland, and Kureha KF, Japan (40 µm only).

2. Robnor resins, PX771C/NC.

3. JSR, DPR 300, Imaginant Inc, USA.

4. Determined using a Radcal Corporation Accu-Dose+ base unit equipped with a 10 × 6–0.18 ion chamber which was calibrated on 14 June 2018 to traceable international standards.

5. This is consistent with a simple attenuation calculation, which predicts a dose reduction of 57.3% due to the 20 mm delay line, assuming a linear attenuation coefficient of 0.426 cm⁻¹ [22].

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Innovate UK under grant [132953].