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Notes
1. See “Otsy i deti: Pokolencheskii analiz sovremennoi Rossii.” Compiled by Iu. Levada and T. Shanin. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 2005, p. 19.
2. See Aberkrombi [Abercrombie], N.; S. Khill [Hill]; and B.S. Terner [Turner]. Sotsiologicheskii slovar’. Kazan, 1997, p. 222.
3. Mangeim [Mannheim], K. “Problema pokolenii,” Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 1998, no. 2 (30), p. 21.
4. See Kertzer, D. “Generation as a Sociological Problem,” Annual Reviews, 1983, no. 9, pp. 125–149.
5. See Levada, Iu. “Pokoleniia XX veka: vozmozhnosti issledovaniia,” Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniia. Dannye. Analiz. Diskussii, 2001, no. 5, pp. 8–13.
6. A large portion of this article was written in 2018, but some important additions were made based on 2019 data.
7. See Radaev, V.V. “Millenialy na fone predshestvuiushchikh pokolenii: empiricheskii analiz.” Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia, 2018, no. 3, pp. 15–33.
8. See, e.g., “‘Pokolenie Putina’ opredelilos’ s prezidentom,” https://iz.ru/657263/angelina-galanina-pokolenie-putina-opredelilos-s-prezidentom, etc.
9. For more detail, see http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/03/01/defining-generations-where millennials-end-and-post-millennials-begin.
10. The results of the surveys used in the article are partially available in “Edinyi arkhiv ekonomicheskikh i sotsiologicheskikh dannykh,” http://sophist.hse.ru.
11. That is, conducted with the center’s own funds.
12. “Chislennost’ naseleniia Rossiiskoi Federatsii po polu i vozrastu,” http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1140095700094.
13. This comparison between the sample of the Levada Center’s nationwide surveys and Rosstat data on Russia’s age distribution may be cited for anyone who holds the view that “only female retirees agree to participate in such surveys,” so they cannot be regarded as representative, i.e., as reflective of the age structure of Russia’s population. As Table 3 makes clear, the age cohorts represented in the sample conform to the age structure provided by Rosstat.
14. See Semenova, V.V. Sotsial’naia dinamika pokolenii: problema i real’nost’. Moscow, 2009, p. 82.
15. Weigel, S. “‘Generation’ as a Symbolic Form: On the Genealogical Discourse of Memory Since 1945,” The Germanic Review, 2002, no. 4, pp. 264–277.
16. Kon, I.S. Sotsiologiia lichnosti. Moscow: Politizdat, 1967, p. 110.
17. Quoted from Kertzer, D. “Generation as a Sociological Problem,” Annual Reviews, 1983, no. 9, pp. 127.
18. Press release “Gordost’ I styd,” https://www.levada.ru/2017/03/01/gordost-i-styd.
19. Not comparable to the level of remembrance of the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States among the American population.
20. See Mangeim, K., op. cit., p. 20.
21. As a conflict between the positivist (quantitative) and historical-romantic (qualitative) approaches to the generational problem that Mannheim cited.
22. Mangeim, K., op. cit., p. 46.
23. “Otsy I deti: Pokolencheskii analiz sovremennoi Rossii,” op. cit., p. 258.
24. This is also indirectly suggested by the positive mass image of the United States, toward which 80 percent of the population expressed a “favorable” attitude in November 1991. https://www.levada.ru/indikatory/otnoshenie-k-stranam.
25. In February 2015 Russians 18 to 24 years old had purchased or would like to purchase a T shirt (or pin) with a picture of the RF President, which is higher than the numbers among other age groups. https://www.levada.ru/2015/03/05/simvolika-s-izobrazheniem-vladimira-putina.
26. In 2014 the study sample consisted of 800 people.
27. Ryvkina, R.V. Drama peremen. Moscow, 2001, p. 91.
28. Other studies also suggest that young Russians have a preference for a democratically elected government. See, e.g., Zubok, Iu.A. “Traditsionnoe i sovremennoe v sotsial’no-politicheskoi identifikatsii molodezhi,” Vlast’, 2014, no. 11, p. 42.
29. This is evidenced by the fact that representatives of the Thaw generation showed the biggest decrease in support for the view that the Soviet system was characterized by the “Communist Party’s guiding role,” which will be cited later in the article.
30. Press release “Naibolee trevozhashchie problemy” https://www/levada.ru/2018/04/24/naibolee-trevozhashhie-problemy-3.
31. Press release “Stalin v obshchestvennom mnenii’ at the official website of the Levada Center. https://www/levada.ru/2018/04/10/17896.
32. In August 2017, 39 percent of Russians supported the idea of erecting a monument to Stalin in Russian cities. Thirty-eight percent of respondents expressed the opposite view that such an idea was unacceptable.
33. Mangeim, K., op. cit., p. 21.
34. Such surveys are conducted only among the adult population; in 2001 members of the Post-Soviet generation were 1 to 10 years old, and in 2008 the oldest of them was 17, so they did not get into the study samples.
35. Mangeim, K., op. cit., p. 25.
36. Levada, Iu. Pokoleniia XX veka: vozmozhnosti issledovaniia,” p. 12.
37. For these variables the chi-squared test value is large and the ρ value is small (ρ < 0.001).
38. Levada, Iu. Ishchem cheloveka: Sotsiologicheskie ocherki, 2000–2005. Moscow, 2006, p. 264.
39. Press release, “Nostal’giia po SSSR https://www/levada.ru/2017/12/25/nostalgiya-po-sssr.
40. Recall the lines for Apple products, when in order to buy a new smartphone people (primarily young people) would remain on line overnight for several days before sales began.