Small, high temperature, wide-angle furnace for wide-angle X-ray scattering

Abstract

Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) based upon synchrotron radiation is ideal for the in situ study of crystal structural changes during heating at high temperatures. This contribution describes a small furnace for in situ WAXS. The furnace has a wide coverage of scattered/diffracted angle from 0 to 135°, heats samples from room temperature to 1000 °C at 20 °C/min, and is suitable for in situ WAXS and radial distribution function of materials. Temperature calibration and safety verification are provided. The use of the furnace is demonstrated by in situ WAXS for the carbonization of bituminous coal.

Keywords:

• Bituminous coal
• furnace
• high temperature
• synchrotron radiation
• wide-angle X-ray scattering

Disclosure statement

No conflicts of interest are reported by the authors.

Authors’ contributions

Xiaoxia Shang: Investigation, design, experiment, and writing. Weifeng Huang: Design and processing. Yueqian Fan and Haijuan Wu: Experiment. Meijun Wang, Liping Chang, and Dongfeng Li: Funding and discussion. Zhihong Li: Design, funding, and revision.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Key R & D Program of China [grant number 2017YFA0403000], the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants number 22278295, U1910206 and U1910201), the Key R & D projects in Shanxi Province [grant number 202102090301002], the institution of the Hebei Province Carbon-based Materials and Application Technology Innovation Center (SG2021149) and the Program of Xingtai Science and Technology Bureau (2017GC20). We thank Zhongjun Chen, Zhan Shi, Lei Yao, and Hao Wang for their help for the WAXS experiments.