Inevitable role of TGF-β1 in progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health concern and the most commonly diagnosed chronic liver manifestation among 25% worldwide population. Obesity, insulin resistance, accumulation of toxic lipid free radicals, generation of oxidative stress, overconsumption of fat containing dietary meals and lack of exercise are the paramount factors accountable for the development of NAFLD. During NAFLD, increased oxidative stress and production of enormous number of toxic free radicals activates a number of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory pathways. TGF-β signaling mechanisms play a central role in maintaining the normal homeostasis of liver. TGF-β1, one of the three isoforms of TGF-β family has significant role in different stages of chronic liver conditions. TGF-β1 promotes HSC activation and extracellular matrix production (ECM), which further contributes in the progression of NAFLD. In this review, we outline the role of TGF-β1 in different phases of progressive NAFLD along with the signaling mechanism.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• TGF-β1
• HSC activation
• inflammation

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr Shantikumar V Nair, Dean of research, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham and Dr. Sabitha M, Principal, Amrita School of Pharmacy for all the support provided during the project. We acknowledge Dr Ram Mohan P.R for the proof reading of the manuscript.

Disclosure statement

The authors have shown no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham PG student fund has been received by BL.