Notes
1. Condorcet, “Discours prononcé dans l’Académie française,” in Œuvres complètes, vol. 10, 101–5.
2. Diderot to Hume, 22 February 1768, in Œuvres complètes, vol. 5, 812.
3. Montesquieu, Mes Pensées, 11, in Œuvres complètes, vol. 1, 981.
4. Stewart, “Account of the Life and Writings of Adam Smith LL.D,” in Adam Smith: Essays on Philosophical Subjects, 311.
5. These various historical approaches are all summarized, and dissected, by Edelstein in The Enlightenment: A Genealogy, 7–28.
6. Porter and Teich, The Enlightenment in National Context, vii. The most striking and sustained example of this approach is Franco Venturi’s multivolume Settecento riformatore.
7. Hegel, Philosophy of History, 86. Braudel, La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen, vol. 1, 168.
8. Rousseau, Du Contract Social, in Œuvres complètes, vol. 3, 466.
9. Herzl, The Jews’ State, 134, 145, 196.
10. See Laurens, “Le projet de l’état juif en Palestine,” vol. 1, 123–43.
11. Herzl, The Jews’ State, 147.