Threat assessment of high-value medicinal plants of cold desert areas in Johar valley, Kailash Sacred Landscape, India

Abstract

Cold desert regions harbor a unique habitat for a number of high-value medicinal plants (HMPs) and due to inaccessibility of medical facility, inhabitants of this region are highly dependent on medicinal plants. Over the years, with increasing demand for trade, extraction pressure on natural populations of these HMPs has grown substantially. This consequently has made such plants threatened in their natural habitats. However, quantification of threat intensity is lacking. For the first time, this study has attempted to identify and assess the ecological and threat status of HMPs from the cold desert area of Johar valley, West Himalaya, India. For ecological assessment, rigorous field surveys were conducted along the elevation gradient. The intensity of threat was evaluated by using rapid threat assessment (RTA) approach. A total of 22 threatened and high-value medicinal plants (THMPs) were identified from the region. Results of RTA placed Betula utilis and Nardostachys jatamanasi in the highest threat category. Roots/rhizomes were the frequently (55%) used plant parts, followed by inflorescence/fruit and stem/bark (18%) each. Overall, this study provides a clear picture of ecological and threat status of THMPs of the study area, which can effectively be utilized to develop a suitable conservation model for the region.

Keywords:

• Cold desert region
• conservation
• Himalaya
• THMPs
• RTA

Abbreviations:

• CAMP: Conservation Assessment and Management Plan
• CBD: Convention on Biological Diversity
• CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna
• IHR: Indian Himalayan Region
• IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
• RDB: Red Data Book
• RTA: Rapid Threat Assessment
• THMPs: Threatened and High-value Medicinal Plants

Acknowledgments

Authors thank the Director, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment & Sustainable Development (GBPNIHESD) for encouragement, and support. We are grateful to Botanical Survey of India (BSI) and Forest Research Institute (FRI) Dehra Dun for providing permission to consult the herbaria. The help of Dr. Lalit Giri and Mr. Aniket Chaudhery during the study is gratefully acknowledged. The inputs received from the anonymous reviewers helped to improve the contents of the manuscript.