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Regular Issue Articles

“Just one of many donors”: Canada’s engagement with civil society in Afghanistan

, &
Pages 305-324 | Published online: 30 Jul 2019
 

ABSTRACT

Canada's entry into Afghanistan as a NATO ally was widely considered a necessary military venture, but Canadian operations during the reconstruction period that ensued were criticized as having tarnished Canada's reputation on the international stage. Canada's history as a peacekeeping nation and its perceived middle power status did initially allow it to act as a mediator between the Afghan government, local actors, and the international community. However, our research discovered that Canada did not fully understand the dynamics of the established civil society structures in Afghanistan, nor the ways in which they influence local politics. A limited understanding of “civil society” among Canadian officials and disproportionate focus on professionalized NGOs as its most legitimate representative meant that local civil society groups in Afghanistan and the role they could play to establish democratic structures were largely ignored. By complementing knowledge synthesis of existing scholarly and policy literature with interviews with Canadian and Afghan aid workers, this article examines the process of post-conflict rebuilding in Afghanistan, considering how neglecting Afghan civil society has resulted in less durable social structures. We also examine Canada's image as an international mediator, and identify new ways of assisting rebuilding processes to ensure more durable and peaceful outcomes.

RÉSUMÉ

L'entrée du Canada en Afghanistan, en tant qu'allié de l'OTAN, a été largement considérée comme une entreprise militaire nécessaire, mais les opérations canadiennes pendant la période de reconstruction qui a suivi ont été critiquées comme ayant terni la réputation du Canada sur la scène internationale. L'histoire du Canada en tant que nation de maintien de la paix et son statut perçu comme celui d'une puissance moyenne lui ont initialement permis d'agir comme médiateur entre le gouvernement afghan, les acteurs locaux et la communauté internationale. Cependant, nos travaux de recherche ont révélé que le Canada ne comprenait pas totalement la dynamique des structures de la société civile établies en Afghanistan, ni la façon dont elles influencent la politique locale. Une compréhension limitée de la « société civile » parmi les fonctionnaires canadiens et une attention disproportionnée accordée aux ONG professionnalisées comme ses représentants les plus légitimes ont fait que les groupes locaux de la société civile en Afghanistan et le rôle qu'ils pouvaient jouer dans l'établissement des structures démocratiques ont été largement ignorés. En complétant la synthèse des connaissances de la littérature scientifique et politique par des entretiens avec des travailleurs humanitaires canadiens et afghans, cet article examine le processus de reconstruction post‐conflit en Afghanistan, en tenant compte de la manière dont le fait d'ignorer la société civile dans le pays a eu pour conséquence l'émergence de structures sociales moins durables. Nous examinons aussi l'image du Canada en tant que médiateur international, et identifions de nouvelles manières d'aider les processus de reconstruction afin de garantir des résultats plus durables et plus pacifiques.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Rishita Apsani studied Political Science at Western University.

Dr. Bipasha Baruah is Professor & Canada Research Chair in Global Women’s Issues at Western University, Member of The College of the Royal Society of Canada, and President of Canadian Association for the Study of International Development.

Jennifer M. Shaw is a PhD Candidate at Western University.

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