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Research Article

Functional connectivity of an endemic tree frog in a highly threatened tropical dry forest in Mexico

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Pages 69-85 | Received 13 Jan 2021, Accepted 22 Apr 2021, Published online: 24 May 2021
 

ABSTRACT

The increase in anthropogenic activities that lead to fragmentation and habitat loss, could result in a reduction of connectivity among habitat patches of terrestrial species. We used ecological niche models, circuit and graph theories to evaluate functional connectivity among home-range patches and suitable habitat patches of the Mexican Leaf Frog (Agalychnis dacnicolor), in a heterogeneous landscape of tropical dry forest (TDF) in central-western Mexico. We found high connectivity among home-range patches within the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve (CCBR) and among those surrounding the CCBR. Similarly, suitable habitat patches along the Pacific slope (except those in the South) were well-connected. Conversely, we detected weak connectivity in the southern and eastern parts of the study area, which is in accordance with the poor habitat quality and fragmentation that characterize that zone. Suitable habitat patches with the largest areas of TDF were the most important in maintaining functional connectivity, but only one patch was within a natural protected area. Our results highlight the importance of conserving large and continuous patches of habitat in a very threatened landscape to maintain connectivity in A. dacnicolor and probably in other anurans.

Résumé

L’augmentation des activités humaines qui a mené à la fragmentation et à la perte d’habitats pourrait réduire la connectivité entre les parcelles d’habitat d’espèces terrestres. Nous avons utilisé des modèles de niches écologiques et les théories des circuits et des graphes afin d’évaluer la connectivité fonctionnelle entre les parcelles du domaine vital et les parcelles d’habitat propice de la rainette du Mexique (Agalychnis dacnicolor) dans un paysage hétérogène de forêt tropicale sèche du Centre-Ouest du Mexique. Nous avons trouvé une connectivité élevée entre les parcelles de domaine vital dans la Réserve de biosphère de Chamela-Cuixmala et entre les parcelles entourant la Réserve. De la même manière, les parcelles d’habitat favorable du versant pacifique (sauf celles au sud) étaient bien connectées. À l’opposé, nous avons détecté une faible connectivité des parties sud et est de l’aire d’étude, en concordance avec la faible qualité et la fragmentation qui caractérisent cette zone. Les parcelles d’habitat propice avec les plus grandes superficies de forêt tropicale sèche étaient les plus importantes pour le maintien de la connectivité fonctionnelle, mais seule une parcelle était à l’intérieur d’une aire protégée. Nos résultats soulignent l’importance de conserver de grandes parcelles d’habitat continu dans un paysage très menacé pour maintenir la connectivité de A. dacnicolor et probablement d’autres anoures.

Acknowledgments

We thank Leonel López-Toledo and Omar Chassin for their comments and suggestions on a previous version of the manuscript; P. E. Castillo, M. E. Mejía Maya, A. Sánchez Almaguer, Y. Fraga and D. Berra Alanis for field assistance; and J. Torres Pérez for logistical support. We also thank J. Alvarado Díaz, J. L. Barragán Ramírez, M. A. Durán Cervantes, A. García Aguayo, U. O. García Vázquez, O. Hernández Ordóñez, J. Marroquín Páramo, Y. Meza Parral, L. M. Ochoa Ochoa, A. Sánchez Almaguer, A. Sarmiento Rojas, H. H. Siliceo Cantero, Y. Soto Sandoval, I. Suazo Ortuño, J. Torres Pérez, for answering the survey on landscape resistance. This study constitutes partial fulfillment of Sara Covarrubias’ doctoral degree (Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas) at the UMSNH.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by a grant from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) PDCPN 2015-1250 to Clementina González and by a graduate scholarship to Sara Covarrubias from the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH).

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