Milestones in the development of educational radio in Israel

ABSTRACT

For over 25 years, college radio stations have been operating in academic institutions in Israel. This article explores the main milestones in the development of college radio in Israel; the processes of establishment and ideological vision and goals underlying them; and the impact of college radio on political, social and cultural history of Israel.

KEYWORDS:

• College radio
• mass media
• radio history
• journalism
• social integration

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Interviewers

1. Motti Amir–Founders of the educational radio project (1996-2012), Reshet B’ Manager, Interview from May 2012.

2. Amnon Nadav- Kol Israel meneger (1993-2003), Interview from May 2012.

3. Tzilla Ilan- College Radio Supervision, Interview from May 2012.

Notes

1. Sabir, “Public Media and Multicultural,” 223.

2. Sauls, American College Radio, 9–30; and Laor, “Journalist 2.0? Educational radio,” 2.

3. Wilson,” University-based Community Radio Stations,” 89–92.

4. Sauls, American College Radio, 9–30.

5. Cavallo, “Italian University Radio,” 190; and Sauls, American College Radio, 9–30.

6. Laor, “The Added Value of College Radio,”349–351.

7. Cavallo, “Italian University Radio,” 191; Sauls, American College Radio, 9–30; and Wilson, “University-based Community Radio Stations,” 97–8.

8. Sauls, American College Radio, 2–4.

9. Cavallo, “Italian University Radio,” 190; Fauteux, “‘Alternativeness’ Canadian Campus Radio,” 29; Laor, “Alternative broadcasting? Not here,” 20–3; Sauls, American College Radio, 9–30; Reilly & Farnsworth, “Navigating Student Radio,” 13–15; Rubin, “‘College Radio’: The Development,” 47–50; and Wilson, “University-based Community Radio Stations,” 97–8.

10. Ibid.

11. Rubin, “‘College Radio’: The Development,” 47–50; Laor, “Alternative Broadcasting? Not Here,” 12–20; and Sauls, American College Radio, 35–7.

12. Tremblay, “Future of College Radio,” 170.

13. Craig, and Greer, “University Radio for Maximum Service,” 428–9.

14. Heberlein, Guide to Internet Radio, 11.

15. Cavallo, “Italian University Radio,” 190.

16. See note 4 above.

17. Pete and Andy, The Radio Handbook, 19–22.

18. Yurttaş and Şişman, “University Radios in Turkey,” 106–14.

19. Reilly and Farnsworth, “Navigating Student Radio,” 9–10; and Laor, “Journalist 2.0? Educational radio,” 7.

20. Cavallo, “Italian University Radio,” 189–92; Laor, “The Added Value of College Radio,” 349-51; and Laor, “‘Journalist 2.0?’ Educational radio,” 14–7; and Wilson, “University-based Community Radio Stations,” 89–92.

21. Wilson, “University-based Community Radio Stations,” 89–92.

22. Ibid.

23. Wall, “Music Programming in Radio,” 35.

24. Rubin, “‘College Radio’: The Development,” 47–50; and Waits, “College Radio at Haverford,” 65–7.

25. Hull, “Consider Basic Problems,” 6–7.

26. Wall, “Music Programming in Radio,”36–9.

27. Ibid.

28. Sauls, Culture of American Radio, 4–5.

29. Smith, “Education for Broadcasting,” 383–95; and Williams, “Courses in Radio,” 330.

30. See note 23 above.

31. Cavallo, “Italian University Radio,” 190; and Wilson, “University-based Community Radio Stations,” 98–100.

32. Sauls, American College Radio, 35–45.

33. Ibid.

34. Doliwa, “Student Radio in Poland,” 115–6.

35. Cavallo, “Italian University Radio,” 203–4.

36. Wilson, “University-based Community Radio Stations,” 89; and Cavallo, “Italian University Radio,” 192.

37. See note 21 above.

38. Cavallo, “Italian University Radio,” 195.

39. Fauteux, “‘Alternativeness’ Canadian Campus Radio,” 42–3.

40. Yurttaş and Şişman, “University Radios in Turkey,” 113.

41. Reilly and Farnsworth, “Navigating Student Radio,” 22–3.

42. Moshe, “Right-Wing Pirate Radio,” 71–2.

43. Naveh, “Israeli Radio during the Six Day War,” 107–8.

44. Sabir, “Public Media and Multicultural,” 236–7.

45. Liebes, “Radio in Israeli Collective History,” 87–8.

46. Ibid., 78–86.

47. Kaplan & Hirsch, “Radio Haifa during Lebanon War,” 516–9; and Liebes, “Radio in Israeli Collective History,” 87–8.

48. Soffer, Mass communication in Israel, 194–8.

49. Ibid., 194.

50. Laor, “Radio on Demand”; and Laor, Lissitsa, and Galily, “Radio Apps Usages in Israel,” 5–7.

51. Steinfeld and Laor, “Public and Commercial Stations on Facebook,” 21–25; and Laor and Steinfeld, “Radio stations on Facebook,”24–7.

52. Laor, Radio Programs and Popular Facebook Posts, 86; Samuel-Azran, Laor, and Tal. “Who Listens to Podcasts,” 10–12.

53. See note 24 above.

54. State Archives, a memorandum between the Broadcasting Authority and Eshel Hanasi School, 1993.

55. Author interview with Amir, 2012.

56. Ibid.

57. Regev, “Music Industry in Israel,” 115.

58. Author interview with Amir, 2012.

59. State Archive, Principles of Educational Radio, Division of Implementation, 1999.

60. Author interview with Amir, 2012. The Nakdi document is a document of principles, written in 1972 by Kol Israel’s member Nakdimon Rogel and detailing the rules of ethics that apply to the broadcast media.

61. Ibid.

62. See note 59 above.

63. Poindexter, “Can Community Stations Survive?” 261; and Sauls & Greer, “Radio and Localism,” 43.

64. Ibid.

65. Hilmes and Lovigilo, Cultural History of Radio; and Poindexter, “Can Community Stations Survive?” 56.

66. Soffer, “Army Radio in Israel,” 111.

67. Bordieu, On Television and Journalism, 75–91.

68. Laor, “ Communal Musical Taste in Israel”; and Regev, “Music Industry in Israel,” 115.

69. Sauls, American College Radio, 100–102.

70. Sauls and Greer, “Radio and Localism,” 41.

71. Dori-Hacohen, ‘“Public Spheres’: Talk-radio,” 168.

72. Moshe, Laor & Friedkin, “Online Radio Listening Patterns,” 377–8; and Laor, Galily & Tamir, “Radio Presence in Online Platforms,” 956–64.

73. Laor, “Internet radio in Israel,” 840.

74. Lasswell, “The Structure of Communication,” 228; and Wright, “Analysis and Mass Communication,” 209–10.

75. See note 67 above.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Tal Laor

Tal Laor is a Senior Lecturer and Founding Head of Radio, Broadcast and Content Production Studies at the School of Communication, Ariel University.