Association of late effects of single, severe traumatic brain injury with Alzheimer’s disease using amyloid PET

ABSTRACT

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is suggested to be a risk factor for the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the data remain controversial. This is the first report on cognitive decline in patients with TBI over 30 years post-injury. The medical significance/key learning points of this report are that (1) Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is useful in clinical settings, such as for higher brain dysfunction and dementia; (2) amyloid PET findings represent an essential biomarker for follow-up after TBI; and (3) cognitive decline can occur in patients with TBI more than 30 years post-injury.

KEYWORDS:

• Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
• Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
• late effect
• Functional Independence Measure (FIM)
• amyloid PET

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English language editing.

Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Funding

While funding for the amyloid PET trials was provided by Eli Lilly Japan K. K., the party had no involvement in the planning, implementation, analysis, or reporting of the trials, and there are no conflicts of interest to declare.