Clinical features of bipolar disorder with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification: a review of case reports in the literature

ABSTRACT

Although idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC) is associated with various neuropsychiatric disturbances including several cases of bipolar disorder (BD), there has been no systematic review of clinical features of patients with BD and comorbid IBGC. We undertook a literature search to identify case reports of these patients. Most cases showed complex syndromes comprising not only mood disturbance but also cognitive disability and motor symptoms limited to depressive state and had favorable treatment response. These patients should have a careful and repeated psychiatric, neurological, and cognitive assessment to determine an optimal diagnostic and treatment approaches at each clinical stage.

KEYWORDS:

• Bipolar disorder
• idiopathic basal ganglia calcification
• transient motor symptoms
• treatment response
• cortico-basal ganglia circuit

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

No funding supported this study.