ABSTRACT
This research argues that the spaces of skateboarding are hybrid. This is evidenced by not only the construction of numerous skateparks throughout the world, and their incorporation of design elements from the city, but the exclusion of skateboarders from urban spaces through hostile architecture. More specficially, skateparks, which are unique among sport facilities, are shown to be evolving hybrid places in a continuing dialogue with the city under which they are geographically and politically contained.
Acknowledgments
Special thanks are due to Tolya Stonorov, Micah Shapiro, Iain Borden, Sander Hölsgens and Thom Callan-Riley.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.