Development and psychometric testing of the dyadic communication observational coding scheme in DEmentia care (DCODE): family dyadic communication in dementia

Abstract

Objectives

Understanding family dyadic communication in dementia is essential to promote the well-being of family caregivers and persons living with dementia. The Dyadic Communication Observational coding scheme in DEmentia care (DCODE) was developed and tested to assess family dyadic communication in dementia.

Methods

The DCODE was developed from a review of literature, expert review, and pretesting. A secondary analysis of the 75 in-home care video observations from 19 family caregiver-care recipient dyads was conducted to test psychometric properties.

Results

The DCODE consists of 43 caregiver items and 41 care recipient items. We observed internal consistency, intra-rater reliability, and inter-rater reliability as adequate. Content validity and convergent validity were moderate. Predictive validity was moderate in predicting caregiver burden. The overall psychometric properties demonstrated a moderate quality of the DCODE.

Conclusions

Findings provided the preliminary psychometric evidence of the DCODE as a promising instrument to assess family dyadic communication in dementia. Future testing for concurrent, divergent, and structural validity of the DCODE is needed.

Keywords:

• Alzheimer’s disease
• caregiving—informal
• measurement
• communication
• nonverbal communication
• dementia
• video recording
• behavior observation techniques

Acknowledgements

Video-recorded observations were obtained from a large repository of the FamTechCare study (supported by the National Institute of Nursing Research of the National Institutes of Health, grant number R01NR014737, PI: Williams).

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Registration and protocol

The protocol of this review was not registered in any register repository.

Author contributions

Study concept and design: SK; acquisition of data: SK, WL, SD, KW; analysis and interpretation of data: SK, WL; drafting of the manuscript: SK; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: SK, WL, SD, KW; final approval of the version to be published: SK, WL, SD, KW; agreement to be accountable for all aspects of work: SK, WL, SD, KW.

Additional information

Funding

This study was a secondary analysis using in-home video observations obtained from the Supporting Family Caregivers with Technology for Dementia Home Care study (FamTech care, supported by the National Institute of Nursing Research of the National Institutes of Health, grant number R01NR014737, PI: Williams).