Objectification and body esteem: age group patterns in women’s psychological functioning

Abstract

Objectives

Sexual objectification is related to negative outcomes for young adult women, but whether sexual objectification operates similarly for women in mid-life or older adulthood is less clear. Our aim was to assess self-objectification and sexually objectifying experiences for women in two different age groups, 18–27 and 48–90 and, further, test the relationship between objectification and psychological functioning. Based on objectification theory, we hypothesized that young adults would report higher self-objectification and sexually objectifying experiences compared to women in the older group. We further expected that these age differences would be related to body esteem and psychological functioning.

Methods

We surveyed 218 women regarding their sexually objectifying experiences and self-objectification, as well as body esteem, global self-esteem, and mood/anxiety, all outcomes theoretically expected to be related to sexual objectification and self-objectification.

Results

Sexually objectifying experiences and self-objectification were correlated with lower body esteem, lower global self-esteem, and higher mood/anxiety symptoms. Further, older women reported lower objectification and better psychological functioning. Tests of serial mediation showed that the relationship between age and two outcomes (self-esteem and mood/anxiety symptoms) was mediated by self-objectification and body esteem, while the model using experiences of sexually objectifying experiences was not supported.

Conclusion

Older women differed from younger women in the impact of self-objectification. We discuss these outcomes referencing age patterns and objectification theory.

Keywords:

• Age differences
• objectification
• sexual objectification
• body esteem

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Data availability statement

An anonymized data file and other details about the project can be accessed at Open Science Foundation (OSP) at DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/PMUCS.

Additional information

Funding

This study was conducted with support from the Oregon State University Center for Healthy Aging Research, Life Registry.