A land-use mix allocation model considering adjacency, intensity, and proximity

ABSTRACT

Land-Use Mix (LUM) refers to the strategy of integrating complementary functions within a building or area. While LUM has become a dominant approach in urban planning, its actual benefits and vision for spatial planning remain unclear. To clarify this issue, this study discerns the spatial features of land-use patterns depending on the compatibilities among land-use categories. Accordingly, this study introduces three LUM measures – adjacency, intensity, and proximity – to identify differences in the spatial distribution of land-use categories. Based on these measures, a land-use allocation model is developed to specify spatial patterns satisfying the given compatibilities. This model is tested by applying the concept of the neighborhood unit on a case study of normative land-use patterns subject to specified compatibilities. The results describe spatial features of four compatibility sets, including a set exhibiting a compatibility conflict between the same land-use pair and LUM measures when, for example, a given land-use pair is compatible in terms of intensity but incompatible in terms of proximity. Understanding the spatial features of a normative land-use pattern that satisfies various possible compatibilities will facilitate the incorporation of the LUM approach into local planning guidance and zoning ordinances.

KEYWORDS:

• Land-use allocation
• land-use mix
• multi-objective function
• spatial planning

Acknowledgments

We thank the Bureau of Urban Development, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Japan, who provided the land-use data. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and journal editors for their constructive comments that greatly improved the article.

Data and codes availability statement

The data and codes that support the findings of this study are available in figshare with the identifier 10.6084/m9.figshare.10013165.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Numbers [JP19K15185, JP24241053, and JP26560162], a Bilateral Joint Research Project with Korea, and the Obayashi Foundation. We appreciate their support.

Notes on contributors

Sunyong Eom

Sunyong Eom is a project researcher in the Center for Spatial Information Science at the University of Tokyo. He received his doctoral degree in engineering from University of Tsukuba in 2018. His research interest covers spatial information science, land use planning, and spatial analysis.

Tsutomu Suzuki

Tsutomu Suzuki is a professor in the Division of Policy and Planning Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba. He earned a doctoral degree in engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1995. His research topics range from location analysis, spatial analysis, and urban structure to transportation modeling.

Myeong-Hun Lee

Myeong-Hun Lee Lee is a professor and dean of the Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, Korea. He is also a president of the Korea Urban Regeneration Association. He received his doctoral degree in City and Regional Planning from University of Tsukuba in 1998. His research interests lie in land use planning, urban regeneration, and urban growth management.