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Work and Family in Relation to Gender

Doing and undoing gender in male carer/female breadwinner families

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Pages 315-330 | Received 28 May 2019, Accepted 07 Oct 2019, Published online: 29 Oct 2019
 

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to explore the allocation of family work among male carer/female breadwinner couples in comparison to traditional couples, in an attempt to identify the most change-resistant aspects of gendered family roles. A sample of 236 parents with children from birth to 5 years old completed extensive questionnaires about their daily routines and allocation of tasks. As hypothesised, primary caregiving fathers and mothers performed a similar share of housework and physical childcare tasks and were more involved in these forms of family work than breadwinning fathers and mothers. Also as hypothesised, primary caregiving mothers assumed a greater share of the emotional care and overall responsibility for childcare than primary caregiving fathers. That is, whereas primary caregiving mothers carried out most of the emotional care and responsibility for childcare with very little involvement of the breadwinning fathers, among role-reversed couples emotional care and responsibility were shared more equally. These findings suggest that overall, role-reversed couples ‘undo’ gender by performing tasks according to their family role rather than prescriptive gender norms. The results further support the distinction between the more malleable forms of family work and the most change-resistant aspects of gendered parenting.

RÉSUMÉ

La présente étude visait explorer la répartition du travail familial entre couples homme soignant/femme soutien de famille par rapport aux couples traditionnels, pour tenter d’identifier les aspects les plus résistants au changement des rôles familiales sexospécifiques. Un échantillon de 236 parents ayant des enfants de la naissance à 5 ans ont rempli un questionnaire détaillé sur leur routine quotidienne et la répartition des tâches. Selon l'hypothèse, les pères et les mères soignants accomplissaient un nombre similaire de tâches ménagères et de tâches de garde d'enfants physiques et étaient plus impliqués dans ces formes de travail familial que les pères et mères soutiens de famille. Aussi selon l’hypothèse, les mères soignantes assumaient une plus grande part des soins affectifs et assumaient la responsabilité globale de la garde des enfants par rapport aux pères soignants. C'est-à-dire que, alors que les mères s'occupant principalement d'enfants assumaient la majeure partie des soins affectifs et de la responsabilité de s'occuper des enfants avec très peu d'implication des pères soutiens de famille, dans les couples aux rôles inversés, les soins affectifs et la responsabilité étaient partagés plus équitablement. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’en général, les couples aux rôles inversés « défont » le genre en effectuant les tâches en fonction de leur rôle familial plutôt que de normes normatives de genre. Les résultats confirment davantage la distinction entre les formes les plus malléables du travail familial et les aspects les plus résistants au changement de la parentalité sexuée.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Mariana Pinho

Mariana Pinho is a Research Fellow at the Eleanor Glanville Centre (EGC), University of Lincoln, UK. She holds a PhD in Psychology and her research interests include social psychology of gender, work and family and equality, diversity and inclusion.

Ruth Gaunt

Ruth Gaunt is a Reader in Social Psychology at the University of Lincoln, UK. She received her PhD in Psychology at Tel-Aviv University, and has held post-doctoral fellowships at both University of Louvain and Harvard University, and the Marie Curie Fellowship at University of Cambridge. Her research applies a social psychological approach to the study of gender, families and employment.

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