A comprehensive study on face recognition: methods and challenges

ABSTRACT

Face Recognition is the process of identifying and verifying the faces. Face recognition has vast importance in the field of Security, Healthcare, Banking, Criminal Identification, Payment, and Advertising. In this paper, we have reviewed various techniques and challenges for the face recognition. Illumination, pose variation, facial expressions, occlusions, aging, etc. are the key challenges to the success of face recognition. Pre-processing, Face Detection, Feature Extraction, Optimal Feature Selection, and Classification are primary steps in any face recognition system. This paper provides a detailed review of each. Feature extraction techniques can be classified as appearance-based methods or geometry-based methods, such method may be local or global. Feature extraction is the most crucial stage for the success of the face recognition system. However, deep learning methods have freed the user from handcrafting the features. In this article, we have surveyed state-of-the-art methods of last few decades and the comparative study of various feature extraction methods is provided. Article also describes the current challenges in the area.

KEYWORDS:

• Feature extraction
• geometry-based approach
• appearance-based approach
• optimal feature selection
• classification

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Notes on contributors

Parekh Payal received his BE degree in Computer Engineering from Government Engineering College, Dahod in 2014, and ME degree from GTU, Chandkheda in 2019. Her area of interest includes Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning, and Image Processing.

Dr Mahesh Goyani received his BE degree in Computer Engineering from VNSGU, Surat in 2005, and ME degree from SPU, V.V.Nagar in 2009. He received PhD degree from CHARUSAT, Changa in 2017. Currently he is serving as an Assistant Professor at Department of Computer Engineering, Government Engineering College, Modasa, Gujarat, India. His area of interest includes Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning, Image Processing, Computer Graphcis and Analysis of Algorithms. He has published number of research papers and books in field of image processing, computer graphics and computer algorithms. He has served as committee member and reviewer in many international journals and conferences.

ORCID

Parekh Payal http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-7071

Mahesh M. Goyani http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-1176