Health intervention experiences and associated mental health outcomes in a sample of LGBTQ people with intersex variations in Australia

Abstract

People with intersex variation/s have sex characteristics determined by reproductive anatomy or chromosomal, gonadal, or hormonal expressions that are not typical of medical and societal norms for male or female bodies and are widely subjected to irreversible medical interventions at an early age to reinforce sex assignment. These interventions may be accompanied by experiences of lack of autonomy for the individual and, at times, lack of fully informed consent on the part of the individual or their parents/carers. People with intersex variations additionally experience high rates of mental health concerns relating to stigma, discrimination and poor healthcare experiences. The intersections between LGBTQ identities and intersex variations are poorly understood but are important given a high proportion of people with intersex variations identify as LGBTQ. This study explored associations between healthcare experiences and mental health outcomes among 46 LGBTQ people aged between 18 and 67 years old with intersex variations in Australia. Findings provide evidence of associations between suicidal thinking, suicidal attempts, depression or anxiety and negative healthcare experiences, including limited autonomy and consent, and challenges accessing psychological support. These highlight the need for further research and proactive intervention to advance human rights and improve health outcomes for this population.

Keywords:

• Intersex
• mental health
• suicide
• healthcare
• LGBTQ

Acknowledgements

The Private Lives 3 study was supported by an experienced and engaged Expert Advisory Group whose members included Nicky Bath, Teddy Cook, Michael Daly, Misty Farquhar, Bonnie Hart, Braden Hill, Sally Morris, Pamela Rodriquez, Simon Ruth and Budi Sudarto. The study was supported by a Gender Advisory Board as well as numerous other organisations and individuals who assisted with survey design and promotion. To all of these individuals and organisations, we offer our sincere thanks.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

The study, from which these data are drawn, was funded by the Victorian Government Department of Health and Human Services and the Victorian Government Department of Premier and Cabinet.