Notes
1 Conceptualized from a critical perspective, racism is understood as a socially constructed and sustained system of oppression through which privileges and opportunities are unevenly distributed within a society, on the basis of categories of race that are used to place humans in a constructed hierarchy. Racism is embedded within a society at micro, everyday and macro, structural levels, and results in unjust oppression and marginalization of categories of people placed lower within the constructed hierarchy (Paradies, Citation2006).