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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes
1 All translations from Chinese to English are provided by the authors.
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Notes on contributors
Ming Zhang
Ming Zhang is currently an independent researcher after receiving a PhD in Media and Communication from Bournemouth University, UK. She is a feminist scholar and digital media ethnographer specializing in media fandom studies, feminist media studies, global digital platform cultures, and transcultural communication. Her current research explores the impact of female fans’ online practices on their negotiation of hegemonic ideologies of gender and sexuality in China. Her previous work has been published in Celebrity Studies, Communication, Culture and Critique, and Feminist Media Studies.
Chi Zhang
Chi Zhang is a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow and an Associate Member of the Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence at the University of St Andrews, UK. She has published in the journals Terrorism and Political Violence, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Politics and Religion, and Asian Security.