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Research Article

The arts of poverty politics: Real Change

L’art de la politique contre la pauvreté: un réel changement

El arte de las políticas de la pobreza: Real Change

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Pages 579-601 | Received 06 Sep 2017, Accepted 10 Jul 2018, Published online: 27 Aug 2018
 

ABSTRACT

This paper explores disruptive poverty politics arising from creative activisms that challenge homelessness/impoverishment. We analyze forms and potentials of creative activisms that challenge hegemonic meanings and practices around impoverishment. Bringing together geographers’ work on creative activisms, geographies of art, and the dialectics of thinkable and unthinkable poverty politics; we analyze activism by Real Change, a Seattle economic and racial justice organization confronting the city’s shelter crisis. We argue that creative poverty activism produces performative encounters that challenge exclusionary space-making and create political connections between people experiencing poverty and those who are not. Using portraiture and public art/performance, activists disrupt normative sights, practices, and socio-spatial relations on which poverty knowledge rests in public spaces. These interventions re-script spaces of privilege produced through capitalist relations of dispossession and exclusion, and the ideological projects that undergird them. Disruptive poverty politics create encounters across socio-spatial difference that challenge privileged subjects, raise new voices, and create previously unimaginable political forms. Our analysis extends prior work on visual poverty politics that has theorized the reproduction of hegemonic poverty politics (of difference, blame, stigma, individualized causes) through representational practices. We extend relational poverty analysis into the realm of the visual, performative, and creative, revealing new sites, forms, and possibilities of disruptive poverty politics.

Cet article explore la politique perturbatrice contre la pauvreté qui prend son origine dans les activismes créatifs contestant le sans-abrisme/la paupérisation. Nous analysons les formes et les potentiels d’activismes créatifs qui défient les sens et les pratiques hégémoniques autour de la paupérisation. En réunissant les travaux des géographes sur les activismes créatifs, les géographies de l’art et les dialectiques de la politique de la paupérisation pensable et impensable, nous analysons l’activisme de Real Change, une organisation judiciaire économique et raciale à Seattle qui confronte la crise des foyers d’accueil de la ville. Nous soutenons que l’activisme créatif contre la pauvreté produit des rencontres performantes qui défient la création d’espace d’exclusion et créent des connections politiques entre les gens qui font l’expérience de la pauvreté et ceux qui ne la connaissent pas. En se servant de l’art du portrait et de l’art/la représentation en public, les activistes perturbent les vues, pratiques et relations socio-spatiales sur lesquelles repose la connaissance de la pauvreté dans les espaces publics. Ces interventions réécrivent les espaces de privilège produits par des relations capitalistes de dépossession et d’exclusion et les projets idéologiques qui les étayent. La politique perturbatrice de la pauvreté crée des rencontres à travers la différence socio-spatiale qui défie les sujets privilégiés, donne naissance à de nouvelles voix et crée des formes politiques inimaginables jusque-là. Notre analyse est une extension d’un travail précédent sur la politique visuelle de pauvreté (de différence, de responsabilité, de stigmatisation et de causes individualisées) à travers des pratiques représentationnelles. Nous élargissons l’analyse de la pauvreté relationnelle au domaine du visuel, de la performance et de la créativité, révélant de nouveaux sites, formes et possibilités de politique perturbatrice de la pauvreté.

Este documento explora las políticas de pobreza disruptivas que surgen de activismos creativos que desafían la falta de vivienda/empobrecimiento. Se analizan las formas y los potenciales de los activismos creativos que desafían los significados hegemónicos y las prácticas en torno al empobrecimiento. Al unir el trabajo de los geógrafos sobre activismos creativos, geografías del arte y la dialéctica de políticas de pobreza imaginables e impensables, se analiza el activismo de Real Change, una organización de justicia racial y económica de Seattle que enfrenta la crisis de los albergues en la ciudad. Se argumenta que el activismo creativo de la pobreza produce encuentros performativos que desafían la creación de espacios de exclusión y crean conexiones políticas entre las personas que viven en la pobreza y las que no. Usando el retrato y el arte/actuación pública, los activistas interrumpen las miras normativas, las prácticas y las relaciones socio-espaciales donde se encuentra el conocimiento de la pobreza en los espacios públicos. Estas intervenciones redefinen los espacios de privilegio producidos a través de las relaciones capitalistas de despojo y exclusión, y los proyectos ideológicos que los sustentan. Las políticas de pobreza disruptiva crean encuentros a través de la diferencia socio-espacial que desafían a los sujetos privilegiados, generan nuevas voces y crean formas políticas previamente inimaginables. Este análisis amplía el trabajo anterior sobre políticas de pobreza visual que ha teorizado la reproducción de políticas de pobreza hegemónica (de diferencia, culpa, estigma, causas individualizadas) a través de prácticas de representación. Se extiende el análisis de pobreza relacional al ámbito visual, performativo y creativo, revelando nuevos sitios, formas y posibilidades de políticas de pobreza disruptiva.

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (BCS-1252810) and the Helen R. Whiteley Center. We are inspired by and grateful for insights and analysis from Real Change colleagues Tim Harris, Sharon Jones, Susan Russell, Shelly Cohen, Gabriella Duncan, and Lisa Sawyer. We thank other research collaborators whose ideas have shaped our thinking here: Harriet Hawkins, Magie Ramirez, Natasha Marin, Anisa Jackson, Allison Chan, Rhoda Rosen, Gillian Rose, Michele Lancione, the editor and three reviewers.

Supplemental material

Supplemental material for this article can be found on the here

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. Critical development studies offer parallel analyses of creative and visual framings of impoverishment in the Global South. This complex body of work ranges from critiques of visual tropes of ‘darkest Africa’ and starving children, to the visual politics of plucky entrepreneurship and aspirational poor subjects, and more (Jarosz, Citation1992; Parks, Citation2009; Parvez, Citation2011; Shankar, Citation2014).

2. ‘Thinkable’ does not refer to literal cognition. ‘Thinkability’ signals that in a given space-time, societies are held together around normative agreements that make some kinds of claims possible and acceptable, while rendering others off limits, even outside the realm of what can be imagined as possible.

3. Further details at: http://main.realchangenews.org/about.

5. ‘One Night Counts’ are a US Department of Housing and Urban Development requirement. Cities receiving McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Grants must count all people sleeping outdoors on a single night. Real Change enumerates One Night Count results in public spaces annually, for instance by gathering outside City Hall to ring a gong once for each person.

6. In 2013, Real Change settled a federal lawsuit against the City of Seattle, ensuring rights to overnight protest encampments in Westlake and other public parks.

7. These urban space economies and the forms of representational and material violence that enable them have been pervasive across the US for several decades (Mitchell, Citation2003).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation [BCS-1252810].

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