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Articles

Authenticity, authentication and experiential authenticity: telling stories in museums

Authenticité, authentification et authenticité expérientielle: la narration dans les musées

Autenticidad, autentificación y autenticidad experiencial: contar historias en museos

Pages 1245-1267 | Received 01 Sep 2017, Accepted 12 Oct 2018, Published online: 30 Nov 2018
 

ABSTRACT

This article examines how different types of authenticity and authentication work together to inspire museum stories, and personal identification with them, in ways that encourage experiential authenticity. It begins by outlining conceptions of object and existential authenticity and demonstrating how they are bound up with processes of hot and cool authentication. I argue that museums deploy all of these mechanisms to encourage experiences which visitors perceive as authentic. This perspective supports a concept of ‘experiential authenticity’ which connotes the belief and sensations of having experienced something genuine and real. This concept’s value is illustrated by examining storytelling in Anne Frank House. Key museum stories are outlined before exploring how different forms, and degrees, of authenticity and authentication work together to enlist visitor imaginations in the storytelling process and to thereby inspire personal identification as well as embodied connections with them. Four key mechanisms for telling stories are analysed (objects, texts, photographs and videos), and their combined capacity to cultivate experiential authenticity is demonstrated. This is important because experiential authenticity heightens visitor receptivity to museum stories, and is thus both a source and agent of power.

ABSTRAIT

Cet article examine comment les divers types d’authenticité et d’authentification fonctionnent de concert pour inspirer les narrations dans les musées et avec elles l’identification personnelle, de manière à encourager l’authenticité expérientielle. L’article commence par présenter les conceptions d’authenticité de l’objet et d’authenticité expérientielle et par démontrer comment elles sont liées aux processus d’authentification chaude et froide. Je soutiens que les musées déploient tous ces mécanismes pour encourager les expériences que les visiteurs perçoivent comme authentiques. Ce point de vue repose sur un concept « d’authenticité expérientielle » qui encourage la croyance et les sensations d’avoir fait l’expérience de quelque chose de vrai et de réel. La valeur de ce concept est illustrée par l’examen de la narration dans la maison d’Anne Frank. Les histoires clés du musée sont présentées avant d’explorer comment les différentes formes et degrés d’authenticité et d’authentification fonctionnent ensemble pour engager les imaginations dans le processus de narration et donc inspirer l’identification personnelle ainsi que les correspondances incarnées qui y sont liées. Quatre mécanismes clés de narrations sont analysés (les objets, les textes, les photographies et les vidéos) et leur capacité cumulée de cultiver l’authenticité expérientielle est démontrée. Ceci est important parce que l’authenticité expérientielle intensifie la réceptivité du visiteur aux narrations du musée et devient donc à la fois une source et un instrument de pouvoir.

ABSTRACTO

Este documento examina cómo los diferentes tipos de autenticidad y autentificación trabajan juntos para inspirar las historias de los museos y la identificación personal con ellos, de una manera en la que fomentan la autenticidad experiencial. Comienza por delinear las concepciones del objeto y la autenticidad existencial y demuestra cómo están vinculados con los procesos de autenticación caliente y fría. Se sostiene que los museos implementan todos estos mecanismos para fomentar las experiencias que los visitantes perciben como auténticas. Esta perspectiva apoya el concepto de ‘autenticidad experiencial’ que connota la creencia y las sensaciones de haber experimentado algo genuino y real. El valor de este concepto se ilustra al examinar la narración en la Casa de Ana Frank. Las historias clave de los museos se describen antes de explorar cómo diferentes formas y grados de autenticidad y autentificación trabajan juntos para alentar la imaginación de los visitantes en el proceso de narración e inspirar así la identificación personal, así como las conexiones corporales con ellos. Se analizan cuatro mecanismos clave para contar historias (objetos, textos, fotografías y videos) y se demuestra su capacidad combinada para cultivar la autenticidad experiencial. Esto es importante porque la autenticidad experiencial aumenta la receptividad de los visitantes a las historias de los museos y, por lo tanto, es una fuente y un agente de poder.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Supplementary Material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.

Notes

1. These notions of authentication draw on Selwyn’s (Citation1996) distinction between ‘hot’ and ‘cool’ authenticity, which is, in turn, indebted to McLuhan’s (Citation1964) notions of media hot and cold (chapter 2).

2. This claim to essentialism (to an ontological quality) for this particular object does not constitute support for all essentialist claims.

3. The literal translation of the Dutch word ‘onderduikers’ is ‘dive below’ but it refers to people who go into hiding. I use it here as a useful shorthand for the eight people who hid together in the Secret Annex at 263 Prinsengracht.

4. Anne edited her original diary because she hoped it might be published after the war and when she perished, her father drew on both versions of her work to produce the book that was first published in 1947.

5. I am grateful to Andrea Witcomb for her work on this subject and for detailed written exchanges about the complexities of these process and the difficulties of understanding, let alone explicating, them.

6. There are no known photographs taken during the hiding period (Dammer, Citation2008 (personal communication, 6 June 2018); Stier (Citation2015, p. 125)).

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